BPS 2110 Midterm 2 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
use |of |isostere |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-functional |group |replacements
isostere |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-groups |of |atoms |with |similar |sterics |and |electronics.
give |similar |biological |activity
classical |isostere |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-atoms |or |groups |that |have |the |same |valency |and |
similar |size
help |determine |if |groups |are |important |for |binding
EXAMPLE: |OH |= |F, |Cl, |SH, |NH2, |CH3
Non-classical |isosteres |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-atoms |or |groups |that |have |similar |chemical |
properties |(look |for |similar |pka |values)
differ |in |electronics |and |sterics
EXAMPLE: |OH |= |SO3H, |PO4H, |tetrazol
Chain |extension/contraction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-vary |linker |size |to |optimize |interactions |
(binding) |of |groups |at |two |ends
,add |of |remove |carbon |atoms
Ring |expansion/contraction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Vary |ring |size |to |improve |overlap |of |
binding |groups |with |their |binding |regions
use |heteroatoms
structure |simplification |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-remove |parts |that |don't |affect |potency
remove |stereocenters
stereocenters |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |carbon |with |four |different |atoms |or |groups |of |atoms |
bonded |to |it, |aka |asymmetric |carbon |or |chiral |center
avoid; |they |make |manufacturing |more |complex |and |requires |more |testing
Raceimates |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mixture |of |both |enantiomers |(consider |enantiomers |are |
separate |compounds)
easier |to |make |and |test
only |test |single |enantiomers |once |you |have |a |positive |test
Pharmacophore |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |portion |of |a |molecule |that |determines |the |
biological |effects |of |a |drug
,part |of |the |drug |that |physically |interacts |with |the |biomolecule
Antibiotic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-selective |posion |for |microbes |and |bacteria
largest |impact |on |quality |of |life |and |life |expectancy
Paul |Erlich |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-developed |substance |that |was |selectively |harmful |to |
bacteria |but |not |humans
trypan |red |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-effective |against |trypanosomes |which |caused |sleeping |
sickness
trypan |red |dyes |trypanosomes |but |leaves |RBCs |alone
Erlich |found |a |biochemical |difference |between |cells |that |took |up |dye |and |those |that |didn't
Salvarsan |606 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-treatment |for |syphillis
replaced |N |atoms |in |dye |structure |with |As |in |drug
poor |product |because |it |was |very |insoluble |in |water |which |meant |it |required |a |large |dose. |if |
you |injected |it |too |fast, |the |drug |precipitated |from |veins |and |stopped |circulation. |If |injected |
too |deep, |it |caused |necrosis
Prontosil |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dye |that |contains |sulfa |molecule; |its |use |began |the |practice |
of |treating |diseases |with |drugs
only |effective |in |vivo
, Sulfa |drug |mechanism |of |action |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-interferes |with |bacterial |growth
inhibits |coenzyme |F |synthesis |which |stops |bacterial |growth |(SN2 |Rxn)
we |don't |naturally |have |CoF |in |our |body |so |the |drug |is |selective |to |only |bacteria
Sulfonamides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-competitive |inhibitors |of |PABA
binds |to |active |site |of |enzyme |and |prevents |rxn
PABA |vs |Sulfonamide |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-both |deprotonated |at |pH |7.4 |therefore |have |
the |same |charge |and |binding |pattern
blocking |enzyme |function |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-S |+ |E |= |ES |--> |P |+ |E
E |+ |I |= |EI |and |no |product
Competitive |inhibitor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ideally |you |want |an |inhibitor |that |can |bind |
better |than |the |enzyme |than |the |natural |substrate |can
Common |Structural |Modification |of |Sulfa |Drug |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-example |of |SAR
add |heterocycle |to |the |NH |group
penicillins |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-80% |of |all |antibiotics
>30,000 |synthesized
Correct Answers
use |of |isostere |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-functional |group |replacements
isostere |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-groups |of |atoms |with |similar |sterics |and |electronics.
give |similar |biological |activity
classical |isostere |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-atoms |or |groups |that |have |the |same |valency |and |
similar |size
help |determine |if |groups |are |important |for |binding
EXAMPLE: |OH |= |F, |Cl, |SH, |NH2, |CH3
Non-classical |isosteres |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-atoms |or |groups |that |have |similar |chemical |
properties |(look |for |similar |pka |values)
differ |in |electronics |and |sterics
EXAMPLE: |OH |= |SO3H, |PO4H, |tetrazol
Chain |extension/contraction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-vary |linker |size |to |optimize |interactions |
(binding) |of |groups |at |two |ends
,add |of |remove |carbon |atoms
Ring |expansion/contraction |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Vary |ring |size |to |improve |overlap |of |
binding |groups |with |their |binding |regions
use |heteroatoms
structure |simplification |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-remove |parts |that |don't |affect |potency
remove |stereocenters
stereocenters |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |carbon |with |four |different |atoms |or |groups |of |atoms |
bonded |to |it, |aka |asymmetric |carbon |or |chiral |center
avoid; |they |make |manufacturing |more |complex |and |requires |more |testing
Raceimates |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-mixture |of |both |enantiomers |(consider |enantiomers |are |
separate |compounds)
easier |to |make |and |test
only |test |single |enantiomers |once |you |have |a |positive |test
Pharmacophore |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |portion |of |a |molecule |that |determines |the |
biological |effects |of |a |drug
,part |of |the |drug |that |physically |interacts |with |the |biomolecule
Antibiotic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-selective |posion |for |microbes |and |bacteria
largest |impact |on |quality |of |life |and |life |expectancy
Paul |Erlich |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-developed |substance |that |was |selectively |harmful |to |
bacteria |but |not |humans
trypan |red |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-effective |against |trypanosomes |which |caused |sleeping |
sickness
trypan |red |dyes |trypanosomes |but |leaves |RBCs |alone
Erlich |found |a |biochemical |difference |between |cells |that |took |up |dye |and |those |that |didn't
Salvarsan |606 |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-treatment |for |syphillis
replaced |N |atoms |in |dye |structure |with |As |in |drug
poor |product |because |it |was |very |insoluble |in |water |which |meant |it |required |a |large |dose. |if |
you |injected |it |too |fast, |the |drug |precipitated |from |veins |and |stopped |circulation. |If |injected |
too |deep, |it |caused |necrosis
Prontosil |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Dye |that |contains |sulfa |molecule; |its |use |began |the |practice |
of |treating |diseases |with |drugs
only |effective |in |vivo
, Sulfa |drug |mechanism |of |action |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-interferes |with |bacterial |growth
inhibits |coenzyme |F |synthesis |which |stops |bacterial |growth |(SN2 |Rxn)
we |don't |naturally |have |CoF |in |our |body |so |the |drug |is |selective |to |only |bacteria
Sulfonamides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-competitive |inhibitors |of |PABA
binds |to |active |site |of |enzyme |and |prevents |rxn
PABA |vs |Sulfonamide |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-both |deprotonated |at |pH |7.4 |therefore |have |
the |same |charge |and |binding |pattern
blocking |enzyme |function |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-S |+ |E |= |ES |--> |P |+ |E
E |+ |I |= |EI |and |no |product
Competitive |inhibitor |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-ideally |you |want |an |inhibitor |that |can |bind |
better |than |the |enzyme |than |the |natural |substrate |can
Common |Structural |Modification |of |Sulfa |Drug |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-example |of |SAR
add |heterocycle |to |the |NH |group
penicillins |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-80% |of |all |antibiotics
>30,000 |synthesized
