Page |1
CPPS 303 Lectures 1 and 2 Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Gap junctions
Ans: Allow ion and small molecule passage between cells.
Chemical signals
Ans: Include ions, hormones, neurotransmitters, growth
factors.
Endocrine signaling
Ans: Hormones secreted into blood that act on distant tissues
Paracrine signaling
Ans: Local hormones affect nearby cells of the same tissue.
Autocrine signaling
Ans: Cells respond to their own secreted signals.
Signal transduction
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Ans: Process by which hormones exert biological effects.
Peptide hormones
Ans: Bind to cell-surface receptors, activating signaling.
Amine hormones
Ans: Derived from tyrosine and tryptophan, act via receptors.
Thyroid hormones
Ans: Bind intracellular receptors as steroids to regulate
metabolic rate.
Steroid hormones
Ans: Derived from cholesterol, they bind to intracellular
receptors that regulate gene transcription.
Hypothalamus
Ans: Regulates anterior pituitary hormone release.
Dopamine
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
Ans: Inhibits prolactin via G-proteins.
Gα i protein
Ans: Inhibits cAMP production in dopamine signaling.
Gβ i dimer
Ans: Activates K+ channels, inhibits Ca2+ channels.
Class-1 cytokine receptors
Ans: Transmembrane receptors for cytokine binding.
Protein kinase A (PKA)
Ans: Activated by cAMP, phosphorylates cellular proteins.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
Ans: Secondary messenger activating PKA.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
Ans: Activates protein kinase G (PKG) similarly to cAMP.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
CPPS 303 Lectures 1 and 2 Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update / Already
Graded
Gap junctions
Ans: Allow ion and small molecule passage between cells.
Chemical signals
Ans: Include ions, hormones, neurotransmitters, growth
factors.
Endocrine signaling
Ans: Hormones secreted into blood that act on distant tissues
Paracrine signaling
Ans: Local hormones affect nearby cells of the same tissue.
Autocrine signaling
Ans: Cells respond to their own secreted signals.
Signal transduction
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Ans: Process by which hormones exert biological effects.
Peptide hormones
Ans: Bind to cell-surface receptors, activating signaling.
Amine hormones
Ans: Derived from tyrosine and tryptophan, act via receptors.
Thyroid hormones
Ans: Bind intracellular receptors as steroids to regulate
metabolic rate.
Steroid hormones
Ans: Derived from cholesterol, they bind to intracellular
receptors that regulate gene transcription.
Hypothalamus
Ans: Regulates anterior pituitary hormone release.
Dopamine
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
Ans: Inhibits prolactin via G-proteins.
Gα i protein
Ans: Inhibits cAMP production in dopamine signaling.
Gβ i dimer
Ans: Activates K+ channels, inhibits Ca2+ channels.
Class-1 cytokine receptors
Ans: Transmembrane receptors for cytokine binding.
Protein kinase A (PKA)
Ans: Activated by cAMP, phosphorylates cellular proteins.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
Ans: Secondary messenger activating PKA.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
Ans: Activates protein kinase G (PKG) similarly to cAMP.
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
