NURS 5220 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
ALREADY GRADED A+ RECENT VERSION
Auscultating bowel sounds: hypoactive - ANSWER No bowel sounds heard for
5 minutes in each quadrant
What could hypoactive bowel sounds indicate? - ANSWER Peritonitis,
paralytic ileus
What could hyperactive bowel sounds indicate? - ANSWER Gastroenteritis,
intestinal obstruction, hunger
What could absent bowel sounds indicate? - ANSWER Abdominal
pain/rigidity, this is a surgical emergency
Abdominal percussion sounds - ANSWER Resonance heard over abdominal
intestines
Dullness heard over liver and spleen (and other organs)
,Tympany heard over gastric air bubble
Beevor's sign - ANSWER This is an abdominal reflex
Lightly stroke all 4 quadrants of abdomen around umbilicus, abdominal muscles
and umbilicus should contract inward slightly/twitch
CVA tenderness - ANSWER Can be indirect or direct percussion
Evaluate pain or tenderness
If pain or tenderness present, can indicate kidney infection or pyelonephritis
McBurney's point - ANSWER Evaluation of rebound tenderness
Patient lays supine and press on abdomen at RLQ point, hold down for 60 seconds,
and evaluate for sharp stabbing pain after lifting hand (this would be positive sign
if there is pain)
Crohn's disease - ANSWER a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect any
part of the GI tract, producing ulceration, fibrosis, and malabsorption
Terminal ileum and colon are most common sites
Ulcerative colitis - ANSWER Chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon and
rectum that produces mucosal friability and areas of ulceration
Hepatitis - ANSWER Can be viral
Inflammatory process characterized by diffuse or patchy hepatocellular necrosis
, cholelithiasis - ANSWER Stone formation in the gallbladder occurs when
certain substances reach a high concentration in bile and produce crystals
Cholecystitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated
with gallstones
Most commonly due to obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis
May be acute or chronic
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - ANSWER Spectrum of hepatic disorders not
associated with excessive alcohol intake ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhosis - ANSWER Diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and
alteration of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
Acute pancreatitis - ANSWER Acute inflammatory process in which release of
pancreatic enzymes results in glandular autodigestion
Chronic pancreatitis - ANSWER Chronic inflammatory process of the pancreas,
characterized by irreversible morphologic changes resulting in atrophy, fibrosis and
pancreatic calcifications
What is the most commonly injured organ in abdominal trauma? -
ANSWER The spleen
Because of anatomic location
, Mono makes the spleen enlarged, so mono patients need to avoid contact sports
until spleen is no longer enlarged
Acute glomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the capillary loops of
the renal glomeruli
Hydronephrosis - ANSWER dilation of the pelvis and calyces of a kidney due
to obstruction of urine flow
Meconium ileus - ANSWER distal intestinal obstruction caused by thick
inspissated impacted meconium in the lower intestine
Associated with cystic fibrosis
Necrotizing enterocolitis - ANSWER Inflammatory disease of the
gastrointestinal mucosa associated with prematurity and immaturity of the
gastrointestinal tract
Biliary atresia - ANSWER congenital obstruction or absence of some or all of
the bile duct system resulting in bile flow obstruction
most have completed absence of the entire extrahepatic biliary tree
Hirschsprung disease - ANSWER Primary absence of parasympathetic ganglion
cells in a segment of the colon, which interrupts intestinal motility
Pyloric stenosis - ANSWER hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus
leads to obstruction of the pyloric sphincter
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||
ALREADY GRADED A+ RECENT VERSION
Auscultating bowel sounds: hypoactive - ANSWER No bowel sounds heard for
5 minutes in each quadrant
What could hypoactive bowel sounds indicate? - ANSWER Peritonitis,
paralytic ileus
What could hyperactive bowel sounds indicate? - ANSWER Gastroenteritis,
intestinal obstruction, hunger
What could absent bowel sounds indicate? - ANSWER Abdominal
pain/rigidity, this is a surgical emergency
Abdominal percussion sounds - ANSWER Resonance heard over abdominal
intestines
Dullness heard over liver and spleen (and other organs)
,Tympany heard over gastric air bubble
Beevor's sign - ANSWER This is an abdominal reflex
Lightly stroke all 4 quadrants of abdomen around umbilicus, abdominal muscles
and umbilicus should contract inward slightly/twitch
CVA tenderness - ANSWER Can be indirect or direct percussion
Evaluate pain or tenderness
If pain or tenderness present, can indicate kidney infection or pyelonephritis
McBurney's point - ANSWER Evaluation of rebound tenderness
Patient lays supine and press on abdomen at RLQ point, hold down for 60 seconds,
and evaluate for sharp stabbing pain after lifting hand (this would be positive sign
if there is pain)
Crohn's disease - ANSWER a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect any
part of the GI tract, producing ulceration, fibrosis, and malabsorption
Terminal ileum and colon are most common sites
Ulcerative colitis - ANSWER Chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon and
rectum that produces mucosal friability and areas of ulceration
Hepatitis - ANSWER Can be viral
Inflammatory process characterized by diffuse or patchy hepatocellular necrosis
, cholelithiasis - ANSWER Stone formation in the gallbladder occurs when
certain substances reach a high concentration in bile and produce crystals
Cholecystitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated
with gallstones
Most commonly due to obstruction of the cystic duct from cholelithiasis
May be acute or chronic
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - ANSWER Spectrum of hepatic disorders not
associated with excessive alcohol intake ranging from steatosis to cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhosis - ANSWER Diffuse hepatic process characterized by fibrosis and
alteration of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
Acute pancreatitis - ANSWER Acute inflammatory process in which release of
pancreatic enzymes results in glandular autodigestion
Chronic pancreatitis - ANSWER Chronic inflammatory process of the pancreas,
characterized by irreversible morphologic changes resulting in atrophy, fibrosis and
pancreatic calcifications
What is the most commonly injured organ in abdominal trauma? -
ANSWER The spleen
Because of anatomic location
, Mono makes the spleen enlarged, so mono patients need to avoid contact sports
until spleen is no longer enlarged
Acute glomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the capillary loops of
the renal glomeruli
Hydronephrosis - ANSWER dilation of the pelvis and calyces of a kidney due
to obstruction of urine flow
Meconium ileus - ANSWER distal intestinal obstruction caused by thick
inspissated impacted meconium in the lower intestine
Associated with cystic fibrosis
Necrotizing enterocolitis - ANSWER Inflammatory disease of the
gastrointestinal mucosa associated with prematurity and immaturity of the
gastrointestinal tract
Biliary atresia - ANSWER congenital obstruction or absence of some or all of
the bile duct system resulting in bile flow obstruction
most have completed absence of the entire extrahepatic biliary tree
Hirschsprung disease - ANSWER Primary absence of parasympathetic ganglion
cells in a segment of the colon, which interrupts intestinal motility
Pyloric stenosis - ANSWER hypertrophy of the circular muscle of the pylorus
leads to obstruction of the pyloric sphincter
