ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby test bank is not a book but rather exam practice questions and answers

Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
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and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary Jo
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Goolsby, Laurie GrubbsChapter 1 - 22 | Complete
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,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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w# 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

w# 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic w# w#


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
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C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
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Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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w# 3. A. Chief complaint w#


B. History of the present illness w# w# w# w#


C. Current vital signs w# w#


D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner m
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w# 4. ust beable to:
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings w# w# w# w# w#


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings w# w#




The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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w# 5. A. Evidence-based investigations w#


B. Primary reports of research w# w# w#


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience w# w# w# w# w#


D. Published meta-analyses w#




The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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w# 6. A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
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B. Clinical practice guidelines w# w#


C. Evidence-based research w#


D. All of the abovew# w# w#




If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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w# 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above w# w# w#

,w# 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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w# 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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w# w#w#w # 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in
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select situations, settings, and/orpatients?
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A. Clinical practice guidelin w# w#


B. eClinical decision rule C
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C. linical algorithm Clinical w# w#


D. recommendation
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, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-
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Answer Section
Making: Overview
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
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1. ANS: B w #


Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and pa
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ired with fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-
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making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D w #


To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verb
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al andnonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questi
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ons. Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty
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.

PTS: 1
3. ANS: C w #


Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the he
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althhistory. w
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PTS: 1
4. ANS: D w #


While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate betw
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eennormal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their
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associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to o
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ther conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C w #


Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and publish
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ed meta- w#


analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and availa
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ble for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s exper
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ience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidenc
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e on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation t
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hat clinical reasoningbe based on scientific evidence. Evidence-
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based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical d
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ecision-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D w #


To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms a
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nd clinical practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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