Exam 1 review NU 670
Amino acids - answer building blocks of proteins
Glucose - answer the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major
source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Glycogen - answer An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in
the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
aphasia - answer impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage
either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing
understanding).
EEG - answerAn amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep
across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the
scalp.
Supporting cells of the nervous system - answerneuroglial cells,
Acetylcholine - answerA neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also
triggers muscle contraction,
Oligodendrocytes - answerType of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin
sheath.
Norepinephrine - answerA neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning
and mood regulation, helps control alertness and arousal
Serotonin - answerA neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood.
Histamine - answera compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in
allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation
of capillaries.
Psychoneuroimmunology - answerthe study of how psychological, neural, and
endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
GABA - answerAn inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
B-adrenergic receptor blockers - answer- block b-adrenergic receptors
- management of angina; control of tremors; migraine prevention; anti arrhythmic
effects; lowering blood pressure; reduction of heart rate
, - reduce responses caused by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system,
- thereby inhibiting cardiac work and oxygen demand.
- found in heart, blood vessels and lungs where they interact with the hormone
adrenaline (epinephrine) and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
Dopamine - answerA neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
paranoid schizophrenia - answerA type of schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions
of persecution along with delusions of grandeur.
Communication of neurons - answerDendrites-->Soma-->Axon-->Terminal Buttons--
>Synapse-->Dendrites-->etc.
Hypothalamus - answera neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating,
drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland,
and is linked to emotion
challenge test - answera technique to identify neurotransmitter function in which
researchers administer a drug with a known effect on a specific neurotransmitter and
monitor the impact of the drug on reactions that are thought to be related to the
neurotransmitter
shift work sleep disorder - answerrecurrent pattern of sleep interruption due to shift
work, causing difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep and producing daytime
sleepiness. work schedule incongruent with a normal circadian clock. Normal circadian
rhythm but has to work the night shift.
Depression - answerA long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and
low prices and low levels of trade and investment
Neuroplasticity - answerthe ability within the brain to constantly change both the
structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma
Spina biifida - answerCongenital birth defect that affects the development of the spinal
cord, spinal column and the surrounding tissues
3 types: spina bifida occulta; meningocele; myelomeningocele
spina bifida occulta - answermost common and least severe form of spina bifida without
protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges
meningocele spina bifida - answerform of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops
properly but the meninges protrude through the spine
Amino acids - answer building blocks of proteins
Glucose - answer the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major
source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Glycogen - answer An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in
the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
aphasia - answer impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage
either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing
understanding).
EEG - answerAn amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep
across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the
scalp.
Supporting cells of the nervous system - answerneuroglial cells,
Acetylcholine - answerA neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also
triggers muscle contraction,
Oligodendrocytes - answerType of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin
sheath.
Norepinephrine - answerA neurotransmitter involved in arousal, as well as in learning
and mood regulation, helps control alertness and arousal
Serotonin - answerA neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood.
Histamine - answera compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in
allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation
of capillaries.
Psychoneuroimmunology - answerthe study of how psychological, neural, and
endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
GABA - answerAn inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
B-adrenergic receptor blockers - answer- block b-adrenergic receptors
- management of angina; control of tremors; migraine prevention; anti arrhythmic
effects; lowering blood pressure; reduction of heart rate
, - reduce responses caused by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system,
- thereby inhibiting cardiac work and oxygen demand.
- found in heart, blood vessels and lungs where they interact with the hormone
adrenaline (epinephrine) and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
Dopamine - answerA neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and
learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
paranoid schizophrenia - answerA type of schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions
of persecution along with delusions of grandeur.
Communication of neurons - answerDendrites-->Soma-->Axon-->Terminal Buttons--
>Synapse-->Dendrites-->etc.
Hypothalamus - answera neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating,
drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland,
and is linked to emotion
challenge test - answera technique to identify neurotransmitter function in which
researchers administer a drug with a known effect on a specific neurotransmitter and
monitor the impact of the drug on reactions that are thought to be related to the
neurotransmitter
shift work sleep disorder - answerrecurrent pattern of sleep interruption due to shift
work, causing difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep and producing daytime
sleepiness. work schedule incongruent with a normal circadian clock. Normal circadian
rhythm but has to work the night shift.
Depression - answerA long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and
low prices and low levels of trade and investment
Neuroplasticity - answerthe ability within the brain to constantly change both the
structure and function of many cells in response to experience or trauma
Spina biifida - answerCongenital birth defect that affects the development of the spinal
cord, spinal column and the surrounding tissues
3 types: spina bifida occulta; meningocele; myelomeningocele
spina bifida occulta - answermost common and least severe form of spina bifida without
protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges
meningocele spina bifida - answerform of spina bifida in which the spinal cord develops
properly but the meninges protrude through the spine
