NST 160 FINAL EXAMINATION TEST BANK
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
⩥ Cushing's syndrome. Answer: A condition caused by prolonged
exposure to high levels of cortisol
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid
Central obesity, insulin resistance
⩥ Goiter. Answer: Swelling of thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency
⩥ Hashimoto's disease. Answer: an autoimmune disease in which the
body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
Goiter results from lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis
Hypothyroidism results
⩥ Graves disease. Answer: autoimmune disease in which auto-
antibodies activate TSH receptor and stimulate thyroid growth. This
causes hyperthyroidism.
,⩥ PPAR alpha. Answer: expressed by liver, kidney, heart
part of starvation response -- increases lipid oxidation, ketogenesis, and
glucose sparing
⩥ PPAR gamma. Answer: found in adipose tissue
promotes adipose differentiation, FFA uptake and TG synthesis
⩥ PPAR delta. Answer: widely expressed
stimulates FFA oxidation in muscle as well and switch from type II to
type I muscle fibers
regulates de novo lipogenesis in liver
⩥ Ferroportin. Answer: Transports iron (Fe2+) into the blood from
enterocytes
⩥ Transferrin. Answer: iron transport protein. Bound to Fe3+ in
circulation
⩥ Ferritin. Answer: storage form of iron (in cells)
⩥ Hereditary iron overload disease. Answer: Mutations in HFE, the
TfR2 signaling pathways, or hepcidin result in overload of iron in body
, ⩥ Anemia of chronic disease. Answer: During prolonged inflammation
(autoimmunity or cancer) the reduced chronic sequestration of iron in
macrophages and the intestine leads to this form of anemia.
Often relatively mild with symptoms of feeling weak or tired, headache,
paleness, shortness of breath
⩥ Sirtuins on adipose. Answer: SIRT1 suppresses PPARgamma --> fat
mobilization
⩥ Sirtuins on liver. Answer: SIRT1 activates PGC1 --> enhanced
gluconeogenesis and FAO
⩥ Sirtuins on brain. Answer: decreased apoptosis and neurodegeneration
⩥ Sirtuins on Pancreas. Answer: SIRT1 represses UCP2 --> increased
glucose stimulated insulin secretion
⩥ Sirtuins on intestine. Answer: Decreased cancer risk
⩥ Sirtuins on blood vessels. Answer: change in vascular tone through
regulation of eNOS activity
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS
⩥ Cushing's syndrome. Answer: A condition caused by prolonged
exposure to high levels of cortisol
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid
Central obesity, insulin resistance
⩥ Goiter. Answer: Swelling of thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency
⩥ Hashimoto's disease. Answer: an autoimmune disease in which the
body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
Goiter results from lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis
Hypothyroidism results
⩥ Graves disease. Answer: autoimmune disease in which auto-
antibodies activate TSH receptor and stimulate thyroid growth. This
causes hyperthyroidism.
,⩥ PPAR alpha. Answer: expressed by liver, kidney, heart
part of starvation response -- increases lipid oxidation, ketogenesis, and
glucose sparing
⩥ PPAR gamma. Answer: found in adipose tissue
promotes adipose differentiation, FFA uptake and TG synthesis
⩥ PPAR delta. Answer: widely expressed
stimulates FFA oxidation in muscle as well and switch from type II to
type I muscle fibers
regulates de novo lipogenesis in liver
⩥ Ferroportin. Answer: Transports iron (Fe2+) into the blood from
enterocytes
⩥ Transferrin. Answer: iron transport protein. Bound to Fe3+ in
circulation
⩥ Ferritin. Answer: storage form of iron (in cells)
⩥ Hereditary iron overload disease. Answer: Mutations in HFE, the
TfR2 signaling pathways, or hepcidin result in overload of iron in body
, ⩥ Anemia of chronic disease. Answer: During prolonged inflammation
(autoimmunity or cancer) the reduced chronic sequestration of iron in
macrophages and the intestine leads to this form of anemia.
Often relatively mild with symptoms of feeling weak or tired, headache,
paleness, shortness of breath
⩥ Sirtuins on adipose. Answer: SIRT1 suppresses PPARgamma --> fat
mobilization
⩥ Sirtuins on liver. Answer: SIRT1 activates PGC1 --> enhanced
gluconeogenesis and FAO
⩥ Sirtuins on brain. Answer: decreased apoptosis and neurodegeneration
⩥ Sirtuins on Pancreas. Answer: SIRT1 represses UCP2 --> increased
glucose stimulated insulin secretion
⩥ Sirtuins on intestine. Answer: Decreased cancer risk
⩥ Sirtuins on blood vessels. Answer: change in vascular tone through
regulation of eNOS activity
