CHEM 210- MODULE 7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eni0jk
1. carbohydrates are water-soluble compounds generally stores in the
__________: cytosol
2. lipids store energy in specialized cells called ___________: adipocytes
3. What is bioenergetics?: study of how nutrients provide energy for organisms
4. What is cellular metabolism: all the reactions of a cell that permit life to persist
5. what is anabolic reactions: reactions that produce molecules
6. what are catabolic reaction: reactions that break down molecules
7. How do waste and nutrient molecules cross the cellular membrane: via integral
proteins
8. What are metabolic pathways?: series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that convert starting material
into products
9. What is the flux: the time it takes for a compound to go from the beginning to end of a pathway
10. carbohydrates and lipids after being degraded are broken down into inter-
mediate: acetyl-CoA
11. What is Acetyl CoA?: a 2-carbon compound to which a molecule of CoA (containing ribose and adenine)
is attached
12. the acetyl-CoA continues through the citric acid cycle to generate molecules
of ______________________: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
13. The NADH is ultimately shuttled to the _____1___ transport chain (ETC) to
generate ATP by ____2________: 1. electron
2. oxidative phosphorylation
14. Where do the final steps of converting acetyl Co-A to ATP occur: interior of the
mitochondria
15. Molecules such as pyruvate, ADP, and ATP can move across the membrane
through integral proteins called __________: transporters
16. What are transporters: move only one molecule or type of molecule across the membrane
17. Once in the ___1___ATP can be broken down enzymatically to ___2__, releasing
energy to perform work: 1. cytosol
2. ADP
18. The net change in free-energy, ΔG, is ______________ for the enzymatic break-
down of ATP: negative
19. (-) ΔG value indicates that the process is__________: spontaneous
1/5
, CHEM 210- MODULE 7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eni0jk
20. what does ΔG'o indicate: reaction was studied under a set of defined conditions, but practically the
value indicates a spontaneous process.
21. what is a molecule aside from NADH that is important to biochemical path-
ways: FADH2
22. What is a benefit of the structural difference in FADH2: permits it to interact with different
proteins, an advantage to complex systems
23. How is ATP converted into ADP?: enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis
24. The degradation of carbohydrates begins with ____1______and ends with the
3-carbon ___2_____molecule.: 1. six-carbon monosaccharides (hexoses)
2. pyruvate
25. What other molecules are used as starting materials for glycolysis: mannose and
fructose
26. Pyruvate, the end-product, can be further processed to __________ for energy
extraction from the citric acid cycle: acetyl-CoA
27. What is glycolysis?: a 10-step enzymatic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate with energy
production in the form of ATP and NADH
28. The ten reactions occur in the _________since all molecules and enzymes
involved are water-soluble.: cytosol
29. What is the preparatory phase of glycolysis: reactions 1-5 invests energy into converting
glucose into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
30. What is the payoff phase of glycolysis?: reactions 6-10 the energy investment in the first is
recovered as NADH, ATP, and two molecules of pyruvate
31. Reaction 1 is a phosphorylation step where a phosphate group is added to
glucose by the enzyme as glucose enters the cell: hexokinase
32. The ΔG'o for step 1 of glycolysis is: -16.7 kJ/mol
33. What is step 1 of glycolysis: Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP with enzyme hexokinase creating
glucose-6-phosphate
34. What occurs during steps 2-3 in glycolysis: glucose-6-phosphate is converted to fruc-
tose-6-phosphate via phosphohexose isomerase
35. What is the ΔG'o of reaction 2: +1.7 kJ/mo
36. What is step 4 of glycolysis: x-carbon glucose into two, three-carbon compounds: glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) via aldolase
2/5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eni0jk
1. carbohydrates are water-soluble compounds generally stores in the
__________: cytosol
2. lipids store energy in specialized cells called ___________: adipocytes
3. What is bioenergetics?: study of how nutrients provide energy for organisms
4. What is cellular metabolism: all the reactions of a cell that permit life to persist
5. what is anabolic reactions: reactions that produce molecules
6. what are catabolic reaction: reactions that break down molecules
7. How do waste and nutrient molecules cross the cellular membrane: via integral
proteins
8. What are metabolic pathways?: series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that convert starting material
into products
9. What is the flux: the time it takes for a compound to go from the beginning to end of a pathway
10. carbohydrates and lipids after being degraded are broken down into inter-
mediate: acetyl-CoA
11. What is Acetyl CoA?: a 2-carbon compound to which a molecule of CoA (containing ribose and adenine)
is attached
12. the acetyl-CoA continues through the citric acid cycle to generate molecules
of ______________________: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH).
13. The NADH is ultimately shuttled to the _____1___ transport chain (ETC) to
generate ATP by ____2________: 1. electron
2. oxidative phosphorylation
14. Where do the final steps of converting acetyl Co-A to ATP occur: interior of the
mitochondria
15. Molecules such as pyruvate, ADP, and ATP can move across the membrane
through integral proteins called __________: transporters
16. What are transporters: move only one molecule or type of molecule across the membrane
17. Once in the ___1___ATP can be broken down enzymatically to ___2__, releasing
energy to perform work: 1. cytosol
2. ADP
18. The net change in free-energy, ΔG, is ______________ for the enzymatic break-
down of ATP: negative
19. (-) ΔG value indicates that the process is__________: spontaneous
1/5
, CHEM 210- MODULE 7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_eni0jk
20. what does ΔG'o indicate: reaction was studied under a set of defined conditions, but practically the
value indicates a spontaneous process.
21. what is a molecule aside from NADH that is important to biochemical path-
ways: FADH2
22. What is a benefit of the structural difference in FADH2: permits it to interact with different
proteins, an advantage to complex systems
23. How is ATP converted into ADP?: enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis
24. The degradation of carbohydrates begins with ____1______and ends with the
3-carbon ___2_____molecule.: 1. six-carbon monosaccharides (hexoses)
2. pyruvate
25. What other molecules are used as starting materials for glycolysis: mannose and
fructose
26. Pyruvate, the end-product, can be further processed to __________ for energy
extraction from the citric acid cycle: acetyl-CoA
27. What is glycolysis?: a 10-step enzymatic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate with energy
production in the form of ATP and NADH
28. The ten reactions occur in the _________since all molecules and enzymes
involved are water-soluble.: cytosol
29. What is the preparatory phase of glycolysis: reactions 1-5 invests energy into converting
glucose into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
30. What is the payoff phase of glycolysis?: reactions 6-10 the energy investment in the first is
recovered as NADH, ATP, and two molecules of pyruvate
31. Reaction 1 is a phosphorylation step where a phosphate group is added to
glucose by the enzyme as glucose enters the cell: hexokinase
32. The ΔG'o for step 1 of glycolysis is: -16.7 kJ/mol
33. What is step 1 of glycolysis: Glucose is phosphorylated by ATP with enzyme hexokinase creating
glucose-6-phosphate
34. What occurs during steps 2-3 in glycolysis: glucose-6-phosphate is converted to fruc-
tose-6-phosphate via phosphohexose isomerase
35. What is the ΔG'o of reaction 2: +1.7 kJ/mo
36. What is step 4 of glycolysis: x-carbon glucose into two, three-carbon compounds: glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) via aldolase
2/5
