Nursing 230 - Exam 2 - Respiratory UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pulmonary ventilation Movement of air in and out of the lungs
Respiration Gas exchanged between air in alveoli and blood in capillaries (oxygen is being
transferred)
Perfusion Process of oxygenated capillary blood passing through body tissues
Hypoxia What can a problem with even just one of these (pulmonary ventilation,
respirations, and perfusion) lead to?
Inadequate oxygen available to the cells What is hypoxia?
Oxygenation requirements Patient air waste (CO2 coming in and out); adequate breathing (pay attention with
narcotics); effective gas exchange; adequate tissue perfusion; sufficient level of
hemoglobin (can become hypoxic because of lack of hemoglobin
Subjective oxygenation assessment Usual breathing pattern, medications, heart or lung problems, recent changes,
lifestyle, cough (sputum - if so coca), pain, fever, SOB (what causes it and when),
fatigue
Smoking What is the number one lifestyle problem that interferes with oxygenation?
Objective oxygenation assessment Vital signs, SpO2 or ABG, color (mucous membranes), LOC, lung sounds, heart
sounds, extremities
ABG What is the most definitive objective assessment when looking at oxygenation
Signs of hypoxia Dyspnea (difficulty/SOB), tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated BP (occurs initially),
restlessness, anxiety, confusion pale skin, pale mucous membranes, cyanosis,
drowsiness
Diagnostic tests for oxygenation Pulse oximetry; arterial blood gas; sputum sample; nasal/throat cultures;
bronchoscopy/laryngoscopy; chest x-ray; CT scan, V/Q scan
Pulse oximetry Noninvasive; measures the oxyhemoglobin saturation of arterial blood
When using a pulse ox Why should you know the patient's normal hemoglobin level; theirs may be low
and they have a normal pulse ox but they may not have enough oxygen for the
body's needs
Check for a technical/mechanical error First thing to do if the pulse ox is reading low
95-100% Normal range for pulse ox
<90% What indicated inadequate tissue oxygenation on the pulse ox
, Arterial blood gas Determines adequacy of oxygenation, ventilation and perfusion, blood must be
placed on ice and sent immediately to lab; apply pressure for 5-10 minutes after
taking it and watch for bleeding; most accurate way to assess oxygenation
pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3 What do arterial blood gas samples test?
Radial artery Most common site for drawing blood for ABG
An artery Where must the blood come from for an ABG test?
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Pulmonary ventilation Movement of air in and out of the lungs
Respiration Gas exchanged between air in alveoli and blood in capillaries (oxygen is being
transferred)
Perfusion Process of oxygenated capillary blood passing through body tissues
Hypoxia What can a problem with even just one of these (pulmonary ventilation,
respirations, and perfusion) lead to?
Inadequate oxygen available to the cells What is hypoxia?
Oxygenation requirements Patient air waste (CO2 coming in and out); adequate breathing (pay attention with
narcotics); effective gas exchange; adequate tissue perfusion; sufficient level of
hemoglobin (can become hypoxic because of lack of hemoglobin
Subjective oxygenation assessment Usual breathing pattern, medications, heart or lung problems, recent changes,
lifestyle, cough (sputum - if so coca), pain, fever, SOB (what causes it and when),
fatigue
Smoking What is the number one lifestyle problem that interferes with oxygenation?
Objective oxygenation assessment Vital signs, SpO2 or ABG, color (mucous membranes), LOC, lung sounds, heart
sounds, extremities
ABG What is the most definitive objective assessment when looking at oxygenation
Signs of hypoxia Dyspnea (difficulty/SOB), tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated BP (occurs initially),
restlessness, anxiety, confusion pale skin, pale mucous membranes, cyanosis,
drowsiness
Diagnostic tests for oxygenation Pulse oximetry; arterial blood gas; sputum sample; nasal/throat cultures;
bronchoscopy/laryngoscopy; chest x-ray; CT scan, V/Q scan
Pulse oximetry Noninvasive; measures the oxyhemoglobin saturation of arterial blood
When using a pulse ox Why should you know the patient's normal hemoglobin level; theirs may be low
and they have a normal pulse ox but they may not have enough oxygen for the
body's needs
Check for a technical/mechanical error First thing to do if the pulse ox is reading low
95-100% Normal range for pulse ox
<90% What indicated inadequate tissue oxygenation on the pulse ox
, Arterial blood gas Determines adequacy of oxygenation, ventilation and perfusion, blood must be
placed on ice and sent immediately to lab; apply pressure for 5-10 minutes after
taking it and watch for bleeding; most accurate way to assess oxygenation
pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3 What do arterial blood gas samples test?
Radial artery Most common site for drawing blood for ABG
An artery Where must the blood come from for an ABG test?
