HED2601
Assignment 3
Due June 2026
, Identify three significant changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in
Europe
The Industrial Revolution transformed both economic and social life in Europe in several
profound ways. First, there was a shift from agrarian economies to industrial production.
Many people moved from rural farming communities to cities to work in factories, which
changed patterns of employment and created a wage-labour system (Stearns, 2013).
For example, families that once produced goods at home began earning wages in
textile mills and factories.
Second, urbanisation increased rapidly. Cities expanded as workers migrated to
industrial centres in search of employment. This led to overcrowded housing, poor
sanitation and new social problems, but it also stimulated the growth of public services
and schools (Cunningham, 2011).
Third, family roles changed significantly. Children and women increasingly worked in
factories, reducing the traditional role of the home as the centre of production. Over
time, concerns about child labour contributed to the development of formal schooling
and early childhood care (UNISA Study Guide, 2022).
Parental ethno-theories: two examples from my community
In my community, one strong parental ethno-theory is that respect for elders is the
foundation of good character. Parents believe that children must greet elders politely,
listen without interrupting and follow instructions carefully. This belief shapes daily
routines such as teaching children to greet visitors properly and to help with household
chores as a sign of respect. The underlying idea is that discipline and respect prepare
children to function responsibly in society.
A second common ethno-theory is that children learn best through participation in family
and community activities. Parents often involve young children in tasks such as cooking,
farming, or caring for younger siblings. The belief is that practical involvement teaches
responsibility, independence and life skills more effectively than only formal instruction.
Assignment 3
Due June 2026
, Identify three significant changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in
Europe
The Industrial Revolution transformed both economic and social life in Europe in several
profound ways. First, there was a shift from agrarian economies to industrial production.
Many people moved from rural farming communities to cities to work in factories, which
changed patterns of employment and created a wage-labour system (Stearns, 2013).
For example, families that once produced goods at home began earning wages in
textile mills and factories.
Second, urbanisation increased rapidly. Cities expanded as workers migrated to
industrial centres in search of employment. This led to overcrowded housing, poor
sanitation and new social problems, but it also stimulated the growth of public services
and schools (Cunningham, 2011).
Third, family roles changed significantly. Children and women increasingly worked in
factories, reducing the traditional role of the home as the centre of production. Over
time, concerns about child labour contributed to the development of formal schooling
and early childhood care (UNISA Study Guide, 2022).
Parental ethno-theories: two examples from my community
In my community, one strong parental ethno-theory is that respect for elders is the
foundation of good character. Parents believe that children must greet elders politely,
listen without interrupting and follow instructions carefully. This belief shapes daily
routines such as teaching children to greet visitors properly and to help with household
chores as a sign of respect. The underlying idea is that discipline and respect prepare
children to function responsibly in society.
A second common ethno-theory is that children learn best through participation in family
and community activities. Parents often involve young children in tasks such as cooking,
farming, or caring for younger siblings. The belief is that practical involvement teaches
responsibility, independence and life skills more effectively than only formal instruction.
