Test Bank For A Concise Introduction To Logic 13Th Edition By Patrick J. Hurley, Lori Watson

,Chapter 1 Test A
ss ss ss




MULTIPLE s s CHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS: ssThe ssfollowing ssselections ssrelate ssto ssdistinguishing ssarguments ssfrom
ssnonarguments and ssidentifying ssconclusions. ssSelect ssthe ssbest ssanswer ssfor sseach.
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1. There ssappears ssto ssbe ssa ssgrowing sshappiness ssgap ssbetween ssmen ssand sswomen. ssWomen sstoday ssare
s s working more s s and ssrelaxing ssless, s s while s s men s s are s s working s s less s s and s s relaxing s s more.
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s s Forty s s years s s ago ssa sstypical sswoman ssspent ss40 ssminutes ssmore ssper ssweek ssthan ssthe sstypical ssman

ssperforming ssan ssactivity s s considered s s unpleasant. ssToday, s s with s s men s s working ssless, ssthe

ssgap s s is s s 90 s s minutes s s and s s growing.

a. Argument; s s conclusion: ssToday ss... s s the s s gap s s is s s 90 s s minutes s s and s s growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: s s Forty s s years ss ago s s ... s s an ssactivity ssconsidered s s unpleasant.
d. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThere s s appears ssto s s be s s ... ssbetween ssmen s s and s s women.
e. Argument; ssconclusion: ssWomen sstoday ssare ssworking ssmore ssand
ssrelaxing ssless.ANS: D PTS: s s 2

2. Lead ssis sstoxic, ssbut s s do s s you ssknow sswhy? s s Lead ssis sstoxic ssmainly ssbecause ssit sspreferentially
ssreplaces s s other ssmetals ssin ssbiochemical ssreactions. ssIn ssso ssdoing ssit ssinterferes sswith ssthe ssproteins

ssthat ssregulate ssblood s s pressure(which s s can s s cause s s development s s delays s s in s s children s s and

s s high s s blood s s pressure s s in s s adults), ssheme s s production (which s s can s s lead s s to s s anemia), s s and
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s s sperm s s production. s s Lead s s also s s displaces s s calcium ssin ssthe ssreactions ssthat sstransmit sselectrical

ssimpulses ssin ssthe ssbrain, sswhich ssdiminishes ssthe ssability ssto ssthink s s and ssrecall ssinformation.

Anne s s Marie s s Helmstine, ss"Your s s Guide s s to ss Chemistry"
a. Argument; s s conclusion: s s It s s interferes s s with ssthe ss proteins s s ... ssand s s sperm ssproduction.
b. Argument; s s conclusion: s s Lead s s is sstoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; s s conclusion: s s It s s preferentially ssreplaces ssother ssmetals ss in ssbiochemical s s reactions.
e. Argument; ssconclusion: ssLead ssalso ssdisplaces sscalcium ss...
ssrecall ssinformation.ANS: C PTS: s s 2

3. Aristotle ssfocused sson ssclarifying ssthe ssconcept ssof ssvirtue ssitself. ssHe ssargued ssthat ssit sswas s s virtuous ssto
sschoose s s theproper ssamount ssof ssemotion ssand/or ssaction sscalled ssfor ssin ssa ssparticular sssituation ssand

ssthat ssextremes ssof s s emotion ssand ssaction s s were ssvices. s s In s s all s s communities ssthere ssare s s some

s s men s s of s s practical s s wisdom sswho sshave s s the sscapacity ssto ssjudge s s wisely. s s Aristotle ssargued ssthat

ssthey sshave ssthe sscapacity ssto ssfollow ssthe ss"right s s rule" sswhatever ssthe sssituation.

David ss Cooper, s s Value s s Pluralism s s and s s Ethical s s Choice
a. Argument; s s conclusion: s s In s s all s s communities s s ... s s capacity ssto ssjudge s s wisely.
b. Argument; s s conclusion: s s Aristotle ssfocused sson s s clarifying ssthe s s concept s s of s s virtue ssitself.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThey sshave s s the s s capacity ssto s s follow ss ... s s the ss situation.
d. Argument; s s conclusion: s s He ssargued s s that ssit s s was s s virtuous ss... s s were s s vices
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2

4. Illegal s s immigrants s s pay sslocal s s sales sstaxes, ssand ssmany ssof ssthem ssalso sspay ssstate, sslocal, s s and ssfederal
s s income sstaxand ssSocial ssSecurity sstax. ssThey ssalso sspurchase ssitems ssfrom sslocal ssmerchants, ssincreasing

ssthe ssamount s s these s s merchants s s pay s s in s s taxes. s s In s s addition, s s they s s work s s for s s low s s salaries,

s s which s s increases s s the s s earnings ssof s s their s s employers s s and s s the s s amount s s of s s taxes s s these

s s employers s s pay. s s Thus, s s it s s is s s not s s correct s s to s s say ssthat ssillegal ssimmigrants sscontribute ssnothing

ssto ssthe sscommunities ssin sswhich ssthey sslive.

a. Argument; s s conclusion: s s It s s is ssnot s s correct s s to sssay ss... s s communities s s in s s which ssthey sslive.

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, b. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThey sswork ssfor s s low ss salaries s s ... ssthese ssemployers s s pay.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: s s Illegal s s immigrants ss pay ss... ss Social s s Security sstax.
d. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThey ssalso s s purchase s s items s s ... s s pay ssin s s taxes.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2

5. Numerous s s studies sshave ssindicated ssthat sswomen s s of sscolor, ssblack sswomen s s in ssparticular, ssare
ssover- ssarrested, ssover-indicted, ssand ssover-sentenced. ssAfrican-American sswomen ssare ssseven sstimes

ssmore sslikely s s to ssbe ssarrested ssfor ssprostitution ssthan sswomen ssof ssother ssethnic ssgroups. ssBlack

sswomen sshave ssreceived s s significantlylonger sssentences ssfor sscrimes ssagainst ssproperty ssand ssserved

sslonger ssperiods ssin ssprison. ssFor ssboth ssmurder ssand drug ssoffenses, ssEuroamerican sswomen ssended ssup
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ssserving ssone-third ssless sstime ssfor ssthe sssame ssoffenses ssthan ssblack sswomen.

Nancy ssKurshan, ss"Women s s and s s Imprisonment s s in s s the s s U.S."
a. Argument; ss conclusion: ss African-American sswomen ss... ss other ssethnic ssgroups.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: s s For ssboth s s murder ssand s s drug ssoffenses s s ... ssblack sswomen.
d. Argument; ss conclusion: ssNumerous ssstudies sshave ss indicated ss... ssover-sentenced.
e. Argument; ssconclusion: ssBlack sswomen sshave ssreceived ss... sslonger ssperiods
in ssprison. ANS:
ss nn B PTS: s s 2

6. It's s s even s s more s s important s s these s s days s s that s s your s s computer s s be s s protected s s by s s a s s firewall.
s s There s s are sscriminal sselements sslurking ssin ssthe ssshadows ssof sscyberspace sswho sssend ssout ssprobes ssto

ssdetect ssunprotected s s PCs. ssOnce ssa vulnerable sscomputer ssis ssfound, ssthese sscriminals ssinstall
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sssoftware ssthat ssassists ssthem ssin sscommitting s s identity s s theft s s and s s fencing s s stolen s s IDs. s s They

s s also s s defraud s s online s s advertisers s s by s s using ssthese sszombie sscomputers sstovisit sspay-per-click

ssads.

a. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThere ss are s s criminal s s elements s s ... ssto s s detect ssunprotected s s PCs.
b. Argument; s s conclusion: s s Once s s a s s vulnerable ss computer s s ... ssfencing ssstolen s s IDs.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThey ssalso s s defraud s s ... ssto s s visit s s pay-per-click ssads.
e. Argument; ssconclusion: ssIt's sseven ssmore ssimportant ss... ssprotected
by ssa ssfirewall.ANS: E PTS:
ss s s 2

7. The ssearth ssis ssof ssinterest ssto ssastronomy ssfor ssmany ssreasons. s s Nearly ssall ssobservations ssmust s s be
ssmade ssthrough ssthe ssatmosphere, ssand ssthe ssphenomena ssof ssthe ssupper ssatmosphere ssand ssthe

ssmagnetosphere s s reflect ssthe ssstate ssofinterplanetary ssspace. ssThe ssearth ssis ssalso ssthe ssmost

ssimportant ssobject ssof sscomparison ssfor ssplanetologists.

Hannu ssKarttunen, sset s s al., ss Fundamental s s Astronomy
a. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThe ssphenomena s s ... s s state ss of s s interplanetary ssspace.
b. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThe ssearth ss is ss also s s ... ss for s s planetologists.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThe ssearth ssis ss of s s interest s s to ss astronomy.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; ssconclusion: ssNearly ssall ssobservations ss... ssthrough
the ssatmosphere. ANS:
ss nn C PTS: s s 2

8. If ssthe sstrade ssin sstiger ssproducts ssis ssbanned, sstiger ssreserves ssare ssguarded ssby sswell ssequipped ssstaff,
s s communities abutting sstiger sshabitat ssare ssgiven ssa ssstake ssin ssprotecting sstigers, ssand ssthe ssmakers
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ssof sstraditional ssmedicines sscanbe sspersuaded ssthat sstiger ssparts ssare ssnot ssneeded, ssthen sstiger sspoaching

sswill ssbe s s halted, s s habitat s s and s s life s s sustaining ssprey sswill s s be ssrestored, ssand ssthe ssimmanent

s s extinction ssof s s tigers s s in ssthe sswild sswill ssbe ssaverted.

a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThe sstrade s s in s s tiger s s products ssis s s banned.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: ssTiger s s poaching sswill ss be s s halted.
d. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThe ssmakers s s of sstraditional s s medicines s s ... s s not s s needed.
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, e. Argument; ssconclusion: ssTiger sspoaching sswill ssbe sshalted ss... sswill
be ssaverted.ANS:
ss A PTS: s s 2

9. Humans ssare ssbiological ssorganisms. ssTo ssunderstand ssour ssbehavior ssand ssmental ssprocesses, sswe
ssneed ssto s s understand sstheir ssbiological ssunderpinnings, ssstarting sswith ssthe sscellular sslevel, ssthe

ssneuron. ssHow sswe ssfeel, s s learn, ssremember, s s and ssthink ssall s s stem ssfrom ssneuronal s s activity. s s So,

sshow ssa ssneuron s s works s s and sshow ssneuronscommunicate ssare sscrucial sspieces ssof ssinformation ssin

sssolving ssthe sspuzzle ssof sshuman s s behavior ssand ssmental ssprocessing.

Richard ss Griggs, ss Psychology: s s A ssConcise s s Introduction
a. Argument; s s conclusion: ssTo ssunderstand s s our s s behavior s s ... ssthe ss neuron.
b. Argument; ssconclusion: ss Humans ssare ssbiological ssorganisms.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: s s How ss we ssfeel ss ... ss neuronal ssactivity.
d. Argument; s s conclusion: s s How ssa s s neuron s s works s s ... ssmental ssprocessing.
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D PTS: 2

10. Viruses s s are s s acellular s s entities s s too s s small ssto s s be s s seen s s with s s a s s light s s microscope. ssThey s s are
s s composed s s of s s a ssnucleic ssacid ssand ssa ssfew ssproteins. ssViruses ssreplicate ssthemselves ssand ssdisplay

ssother ssproperties ssof ssliving s s organisms ssonly sswhen ssthey sshave ssinvaded ssliving sscells. ssIndeed, sssome

ssviruses sscan ssbe sscrystallized ssand s s stored ssin ssa sscontainer s s on s s a ssshelf ssfor s s years, ssbut ssthey

ssretain ssthe sscapacity ssto s s invade sscells s s and sscause ssdisease.

Jacquelyn ss C. s s Black, ss Microbiology: ssPrinciples ss and s s Explorations
a. Argument; s s conclusion: ssThey ss are s s composed s s of ss a s s nucleic s s acid s s and ssa s s few ss proteins.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: ssViruses ssare ssacellular s s entities s s ... ssmicroscope.
d. Argument; s s conclusion: s s Indeed, s s some s s viruses s s can ss be sscrystallized ss ... s s cause ss disease.
e. Argument; ssconclusion: ssViruses ssreplicate ssthemselves ss... ssinvaded
living sscells.ANS:
ss B PTS: s s 2

11. Harnessing ssthe s s clean, s s abundant s s energy s s of s s the s s sun s s and s s wind s s is s s critical s s to s s solving
s s the s s global sswarming ssproblem. ssTechnological ssadvances sshave ssbrought ssthe sscost ssof sselectricity

ssgenerated ssby ssthe s s wind ssdown ssby82 sspercent sssince ss1981. ssSolar ssenergy sstechnology sshas ssmade

ssremarkable ssprogress ssas s s new ssphotovoltaic sscells sshave ssbeen ssdeveloped ssto ssconvert sseven

ssgreater ssamounts ssof sssunlight ssdirectly s s into s s electricity. s s Todaythe s s costs s s of s s wind ssand

s s solar s s power s s are s s becoming sscompetitive s s with s s dirty sscoal-fired ssplants.

Sierra ss Club, ss"Global s s Warming ssSolutions"
a. Argument; s s conclusion: ssToday ssthe s s costs ssof s s wind s s ... s s dirty sscoal-fired s s plants.
b. Argument; s s conclusion: ssTechnological s s advances s s ... ssby ss82 s s percent s s since s s 1981.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: s s Harnessing ssthe ss clean s s ... ssthe s s global s s warming ssproblem.
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; ssconclusion: ssSolar ssenergy sstechnology ss... ssdirectly
into sselectricity.ANS:
ss DPTS: s s 2

12. It s s is s s likely s s that s s innocent s s prisoners s s in s s this s s country s s have s s been s s executed s s for s s crimes
s s they s s did s s not sscommit. s s From s s 1973 s s until s s 2007, s s 124 s s death s s row s s inmates s s have s s been

s s exonerated. s s In s s many s s of s s these sscases s s DNA ssevidence ssplayed ssa sscrucial ssrole. ssYet, ssin ssthat

sssame sstime s s frame, s s more ssthan ss1000 ssprisoners s s were ssexecuted. ssFor ssmany ssof ssthese ssprisoners ssno

ssDNA ssevidence sswas ssavailable. ssIf sssuch ssevidence sshad s s been ssavailable, sshowmay ssmore sswould

sshave ssbeen ssexonerated?

a. Argument; s s conclusion: s s In s s many ssof s s these s s cases ss ... ss played s s a s s crucial s s role.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; s s conclusion: s s From ss1973 s s ... s s have s s been s s exonerated.
d. Argument; s s conclusion: s s For ss many ssof s s these s s prisoners s s ... sswas s s available.
e. Argument; s s conclusion: s s It s s is s s likely ssthat s s innocent s s prisoners s s ... ssthey ssdid ss not s s commit.
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