CTRI EXAM STUDY GUIDE FULL SOLUTION
WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS 2026
⩥ other diagnoses that can display inattention, hyperactivity and
impulsivity. Answer:sensory processing disorder or autism spectrum
disorder, learning/intellectual disabilities
⩥ cerebral palsy characteristics. Answer:motor disability resulting from
brain damage before, during or shortly after birth
- results in atypical muscle tone
- hemiplegic CP = one side of body
- diplegic CP = involves legs more than arms
- quadriplegic CP = all four limbs
- truck is involved to some extent in all forms of CP
- some will exhibit involuntary movements (dyskinetic or athetoid CP)
and muscle tone may fluctuate from low to high
- CP itself results in motor needs only but many have additional needs in
areas such as sensory processing, vision, hearing, seizures,
communication or cognitive functioning
- at risk for scoliosis and other atypical spinal curvatures
,⩥ CP rider and horse considerations. Answer:select horse whose
movement does not worsen spasticity
- narrow horse for riders with tight adductors (inner thigh muscles)
- increase mounted warm up time to allow muscles to stretch and relax
for riders with spasticity
- allow rider time to plan, coordinate and execute motor movements
- best to provide rider opportunity to do things more independently
- trotting may be contradicted is have decreased trunk control, decreased
head control or if trotting has a negative impact on the riders muscle
tone or alignment
- monitor rider for fatigue
⩥ sensory processing disorder characteristics. Answer:aka sensory
integration dysfunction
- unexpected responses to touch, movement, textures, sounds or smells
- extreme response to having feet off the ground
- self stimulatory behavior
- decreased muscle tone
- hyperactivity or very low activity level
- motor incoordination or difficulties with motor planning
- difficulty managing emotions
,⩥ aggression/abusive behavior. Answer:- be proactive by setting ground
rules and make sure everyone knows consequences of inappropriate
behavior
- follow thru with consequences without becoming emotional (be firm
without being angry)
- end lesson if rider is intentionally abusive to horse
- teach empathy for the horse
⩥ emotional instability. Answer:- anticipate mood changes and re-direct
- provide a quiet place for self calming
⩥ frustration or low self esteem. Answer:- provide appropriate
challenges
- create success
- listen carefully
- teach problem solving techniques
⩥ impulsivity. Answer:- maintain close supervision at all times
- review safety measures when working with horses
- train volunters appropriately
- chose an appropriate, tolerant horse
- increases lesson structure with clear expectations and a faster pace of
activities
, ⩥ manipulative or negative attention-seeking behavior. Answer:- offer
controlled choices ("would you like to sit the trot or post?")
- allow independent riding when possible so the horse may provide
immediate cause-effect learning
⩥ poor social skills. Answer:- encourage appropriate interaction with
others
- model proper social behavior (greetings with eye contact, use of names
and shaking hands)
⩥ sexually inappropriate. Answer:- set limits
- address inappropriate behavior calmly, noting that attention seeking
behavior can benefit from being ignored
- teach a socially acceptable variation of the behavior or language
⩥ withdrawn. Answer:- use of the same horse and volunteers each week
to build relationships and confidence
- encourage development of the horse-human bond
⩥ autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Answer:characterized by difficulty
with language and social interaction
- show restricted interests or repetitive actions and difficulty processing
sensory input
WITH VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS 2026
⩥ other diagnoses that can display inattention, hyperactivity and
impulsivity. Answer:sensory processing disorder or autism spectrum
disorder, learning/intellectual disabilities
⩥ cerebral palsy characteristics. Answer:motor disability resulting from
brain damage before, during or shortly after birth
- results in atypical muscle tone
- hemiplegic CP = one side of body
- diplegic CP = involves legs more than arms
- quadriplegic CP = all four limbs
- truck is involved to some extent in all forms of CP
- some will exhibit involuntary movements (dyskinetic or athetoid CP)
and muscle tone may fluctuate from low to high
- CP itself results in motor needs only but many have additional needs in
areas such as sensory processing, vision, hearing, seizures,
communication or cognitive functioning
- at risk for scoliosis and other atypical spinal curvatures
,⩥ CP rider and horse considerations. Answer:select horse whose
movement does not worsen spasticity
- narrow horse for riders with tight adductors (inner thigh muscles)
- increase mounted warm up time to allow muscles to stretch and relax
for riders with spasticity
- allow rider time to plan, coordinate and execute motor movements
- best to provide rider opportunity to do things more independently
- trotting may be contradicted is have decreased trunk control, decreased
head control or if trotting has a negative impact on the riders muscle
tone or alignment
- monitor rider for fatigue
⩥ sensory processing disorder characteristics. Answer:aka sensory
integration dysfunction
- unexpected responses to touch, movement, textures, sounds or smells
- extreme response to having feet off the ground
- self stimulatory behavior
- decreased muscle tone
- hyperactivity or very low activity level
- motor incoordination or difficulties with motor planning
- difficulty managing emotions
,⩥ aggression/abusive behavior. Answer:- be proactive by setting ground
rules and make sure everyone knows consequences of inappropriate
behavior
- follow thru with consequences without becoming emotional (be firm
without being angry)
- end lesson if rider is intentionally abusive to horse
- teach empathy for the horse
⩥ emotional instability. Answer:- anticipate mood changes and re-direct
- provide a quiet place for self calming
⩥ frustration or low self esteem. Answer:- provide appropriate
challenges
- create success
- listen carefully
- teach problem solving techniques
⩥ impulsivity. Answer:- maintain close supervision at all times
- review safety measures when working with horses
- train volunters appropriately
- chose an appropriate, tolerant horse
- increases lesson structure with clear expectations and a faster pace of
activities
, ⩥ manipulative or negative attention-seeking behavior. Answer:- offer
controlled choices ("would you like to sit the trot or post?")
- allow independent riding when possible so the horse may provide
immediate cause-effect learning
⩥ poor social skills. Answer:- encourage appropriate interaction with
others
- model proper social behavior (greetings with eye contact, use of names
and shaking hands)
⩥ sexually inappropriate. Answer:- set limits
- address inappropriate behavior calmly, noting that attention seeking
behavior can benefit from being ignored
- teach a socially acceptable variation of the behavior or language
⩥ withdrawn. Answer:- use of the same horse and volunteers each week
to build relationships and confidence
- encourage development of the horse-human bond
⩥ autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Answer:characterized by difficulty
with language and social interaction
- show restricted interests or repetitive actions and difficulty processing
sensory input
