, Cell Ultrastructure: Animal
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
series of
interconnected , flattened sacs through the cytoplasm .
membranes form network of tubules & sacs Cisterne
a flattened
I
ten tubular continuous w/ the outer nuclear membrane
-
cks
more
ribosomes -
has ribosomes present outer surfaces
on
of
membranes
folding & processing of proteins by
↳
involved in made ribosomes
·
synthesises ,
stores , transports lipids & carbs
O
large SA- Synthesis of proteins & glycoproteins
-cells that store synthesise , ,
transport lots of lipids ·
pathway transport lipids & carbs
-
& carbs
#
↳ lots of
SER -
cells that make lots of proteins ,
secrete hormones, etc
↳ lots RER
of
Ribosomes F
-
80s in eukaryotes
y
- has two subunits Nucleus
↳
one large small
,
one
controls the cell's activities by controlling
↳
each contains ribosmal RNA transcription of DNA- protein synthesis&genes
& protein nucleolus makes ribosmal RNA and
#
assembles ribosomes
·
site
of protein synthesis nucleoplasm jelly-like
translate mRNA into
proteins nuclear envelope double membrane with
nuclear pores to allow
Centrioles
·
help chromosomes separate in
#
mitosis
F mRNA
↳ continuous
in and
w/rER
out
chromatin DNA round around proteins found in
Mitochondria chromosomes
aerobic respiration site ; has inner ·
& outer membrane
# Golgi Apparatus
I
cristae folds in inner membrane -
stack of flattened cisterne closely linked to RER ,
↳
large SA for attachment
1)
of enzymes & other proteins .
lipids produced SER transported in Vesicles passing through GA
proteins & in
,
respiration 2 ) GAmodigies these proteins by adding
non-protein components (EG carbs glycoproteins
:
in .
=
·
also labels' so can
accurately be sent to correct destination
matrix jelly-like with
enzymes 3) .
pinched off at end
of Golgi Listernae into Golgi Vesicles
for aerobic respiration
↳ lipids proteins ribosomes , Iso produces secretary like Pancreas & carbs like cellulose
-
A in
, ,
enzymes , , ,
DNA to allow mitochondria -
transports ,
stores modifies lipids
,
to control own protein
synthesis -forms lysosomes
ospherical sacs
containing enzyme lysozyme for breakdown of invading cells,
material worn down parts cells
foreign , of
, Cell Ultrastructure: Plant
Vacuole Chloroplasts
-fluid-filled sac bound by single -granum stacks of
disc-like
membrane tonoplast
of thy
structures made Kaloid
-
contains solution of mineral salts sugars, , membrane where chlorophy
acids wastes sometimes found
amino
, ,
pigments
firststep
↳
of photosynthesis
support herbaceous plants herbaceous ↳ connected w/ intergranal
·
,
parts of woody plants by making ,
lamella
cells turgid *
↳
Thykaloid membrane has a
sugar & amino acids temporary good high SA for attachment of
· =
stores chlorophyll ,
electron carriers &
pigment petals to
may colour firststage
·
enzymes for
attract pollinating insects photosynthesis to be attached
in an
orderlyfashion
-
stroma fluid-filled matrix where
of photosynthesis
second stage
occurs
↳
possesses all enzymes needed to
make sugars in second stage
-
Chloroplasts contain both DNA &
ribosomes they can quickly and
so
easily manufacture some of the proteins
needed for photosynthesis
-
has outer & inner membrane
#-
Cell Wall
-
has microfibrils of cellulose embedded in a matrix
Middle lamella thin layer , marks boundary between adjacent cell walls & cements
-
adjacent cells together
-provides mechanical strength
, so cell does not burst under pressure
-in fungi =
made from polysaccharide called Chitin
-in Algae =
made of cellulose glycoproteins ,
,
orboth
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
series of
interconnected , flattened sacs through the cytoplasm .
membranes form network of tubules & sacs Cisterne
a flattened
I
ten tubular continuous w/ the outer nuclear membrane
-
cks
more
ribosomes -
has ribosomes present outer surfaces
on
of
membranes
folding & processing of proteins by
↳
involved in made ribosomes
·
synthesises ,
stores , transports lipids & carbs
O
large SA- Synthesis of proteins & glycoproteins
-cells that store synthesise , ,
transport lots of lipids ·
pathway transport lipids & carbs
-
& carbs
#
↳ lots of
SER -
cells that make lots of proteins ,
secrete hormones, etc
↳ lots RER
of
Ribosomes F
-
80s in eukaryotes
y
- has two subunits Nucleus
↳
one large small
,
one
controls the cell's activities by controlling
↳
each contains ribosmal RNA transcription of DNA- protein synthesis&genes
& protein nucleolus makes ribosmal RNA and
#
assembles ribosomes
·
site
of protein synthesis nucleoplasm jelly-like
translate mRNA into
proteins nuclear envelope double membrane with
nuclear pores to allow
Centrioles
·
help chromosomes separate in
#
mitosis
F mRNA
↳ continuous
in and
w/rER
out
chromatin DNA round around proteins found in
Mitochondria chromosomes
aerobic respiration site ; has inner ·
& outer membrane
# Golgi Apparatus
I
cristae folds in inner membrane -
stack of flattened cisterne closely linked to RER ,
↳
large SA for attachment
1)
of enzymes & other proteins .
lipids produced SER transported in Vesicles passing through GA
proteins & in
,
respiration 2 ) GAmodigies these proteins by adding
non-protein components (EG carbs glycoproteins
:
in .
=
·
also labels' so can
accurately be sent to correct destination
matrix jelly-like with
enzymes 3) .
pinched off at end
of Golgi Listernae into Golgi Vesicles
for aerobic respiration
↳ lipids proteins ribosomes , Iso produces secretary like Pancreas & carbs like cellulose
-
A in
, ,
enzymes , , ,
DNA to allow mitochondria -
transports ,
stores modifies lipids
,
to control own protein
synthesis -forms lysosomes
ospherical sacs
containing enzyme lysozyme for breakdown of invading cells,
material worn down parts cells
foreign , of
, Cell Ultrastructure: Plant
Vacuole Chloroplasts
-fluid-filled sac bound by single -granum stacks of
disc-like
membrane tonoplast
of thy
structures made Kaloid
-
contains solution of mineral salts sugars, , membrane where chlorophy
acids wastes sometimes found
amino
, ,
pigments
firststep
↳
of photosynthesis
support herbaceous plants herbaceous ↳ connected w/ intergranal
·
,
parts of woody plants by making ,
lamella
cells turgid *
↳
Thykaloid membrane has a
sugar & amino acids temporary good high SA for attachment of
· =
stores chlorophyll ,
electron carriers &
pigment petals to
may colour firststage
·
enzymes for
attract pollinating insects photosynthesis to be attached
in an
orderlyfashion
-
stroma fluid-filled matrix where
of photosynthesis
second stage
occurs
↳
possesses all enzymes needed to
make sugars in second stage
-
Chloroplasts contain both DNA &
ribosomes they can quickly and
so
easily manufacture some of the proteins
needed for photosynthesis
-
has outer & inner membrane
#-
Cell Wall
-
has microfibrils of cellulose embedded in a matrix
Middle lamella thin layer , marks boundary between adjacent cell walls & cements
-
adjacent cells together
-provides mechanical strength
, so cell does not burst under pressure
-in fungi =
made from polysaccharide called Chitin
-in Algae =
made of cellulose glycoproteins ,
,
orboth
