DATA LITERACY FINAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS #2
Data is a form of what? - correct answer Evidence
Examples of why definitions matter in data? - correct answer "Violent crime" vs "crime"
"Reported cases" vs "confirmed cases."
Definitions change the context
Why should we seek data when given a statistic based on belief? - correct answer
There is always error in beliefs, no evidence
Proof involves a higher standard of what - correct answer accuracy and certainty
Data should be considered ----- not, ----- - correct answer considered Evidence, not
Proof
Theory - correct answer explanatory system
Hypothesis - correct answer testable judgment
Theories can be ----, not ----- - correct answer Rejected, not proven
T/F: Hypothesis can not be proven. - correct answer True
Measurement error - correct answer inherent variability process of measurement
Sampling error - correct answer an error that occurs when a sample somehow does not
represent the target population
Why is self-reported data not good? - correct answer It doesn't have a representative
sample.
Average - correct answer The measure of central tendencies
How do you calculate mean? - correct answer Sum of total numbers / (divided) the
number of items
Median - correct answer List in order and find the midpoint. If no midpoint, take the
mean, which means add middle numbers and divide by 2
Mode - correct answer frequently occurring.
Use when determining dress or shirt sizes.
When to use mean - correct answer college GPA
Sports stats
, Family size
Routine purchases like coffee, pizza, gas
When to use median - correct answer salaries
Income
Wealth
Home prices
And when outliers are likely
For example: comparing salaries on a bus but then coach mullen (outlier) steps on.
Which is better: Buy 4 Get 1 Free or 25% off - correct answer 25% off because: B4G1F
= 1/5 free = 20% off
When are quartiles/quintiles/deciles more useful - correct answer listed home prices
Portion of federal income taxes paid by income group portion below reading standard by
income
How to simplify UF spending on instruction - correct answer divide total by UF
enrollment to get instruction cost per student
Social desirability bias - correct answer human tendency to give the "right" answerex:
answering yes to do you intend to vote corrected by asking when is the last time one
voted or how one votes
Priming - correct answer specific order of questions to affect response to neutral
questions
Recency effect - correct answer in ORAL survey, last choice offered is chosen more
often
Primacy effect - correct answer in WRITTEN survey, first choice offered is chosen more
oftenex: Florida ballot law which gives the political party that controls the governor's
office first place on all printed ballots ruled unconstitutional
How to calculate a single independent event - correct answer portion/whole x 100
The event/all possible events x 100
Ex: picking a single card from a full deck of 52, or rolling a 9 with a pair of dice = 4/36 x
100=11%
How to calculate multiple events in which all have to occur - correct answer multiply the
individual odds
Ex. 60% chance that is will rain all three days. .60 x .60 x .60
Data is a form of what? - correct answer Evidence
Examples of why definitions matter in data? - correct answer "Violent crime" vs "crime"
"Reported cases" vs "confirmed cases."
Definitions change the context
Why should we seek data when given a statistic based on belief? - correct answer
There is always error in beliefs, no evidence
Proof involves a higher standard of what - correct answer accuracy and certainty
Data should be considered ----- not, ----- - correct answer considered Evidence, not
Proof
Theory - correct answer explanatory system
Hypothesis - correct answer testable judgment
Theories can be ----, not ----- - correct answer Rejected, not proven
T/F: Hypothesis can not be proven. - correct answer True
Measurement error - correct answer inherent variability process of measurement
Sampling error - correct answer an error that occurs when a sample somehow does not
represent the target population
Why is self-reported data not good? - correct answer It doesn't have a representative
sample.
Average - correct answer The measure of central tendencies
How do you calculate mean? - correct answer Sum of total numbers / (divided) the
number of items
Median - correct answer List in order and find the midpoint. If no midpoint, take the
mean, which means add middle numbers and divide by 2
Mode - correct answer frequently occurring.
Use when determining dress or shirt sizes.
When to use mean - correct answer college GPA
Sports stats
, Family size
Routine purchases like coffee, pizza, gas
When to use median - correct answer salaries
Income
Wealth
Home prices
And when outliers are likely
For example: comparing salaries on a bus but then coach mullen (outlier) steps on.
Which is better: Buy 4 Get 1 Free or 25% off - correct answer 25% off because: B4G1F
= 1/5 free = 20% off
When are quartiles/quintiles/deciles more useful - correct answer listed home prices
Portion of federal income taxes paid by income group portion below reading standard by
income
How to simplify UF spending on instruction - correct answer divide total by UF
enrollment to get instruction cost per student
Social desirability bias - correct answer human tendency to give the "right" answerex:
answering yes to do you intend to vote corrected by asking when is the last time one
voted or how one votes
Priming - correct answer specific order of questions to affect response to neutral
questions
Recency effect - correct answer in ORAL survey, last choice offered is chosen more
often
Primacy effect - correct answer in WRITTEN survey, first choice offered is chosen more
oftenex: Florida ballot law which gives the political party that controls the governor's
office first place on all printed ballots ruled unconstitutional
How to calculate a single independent event - correct answer portion/whole x 100
The event/all possible events x 100
Ex: picking a single card from a full deck of 52, or rolling a 9 with a pair of dice = 4/36 x
100=11%
How to calculate multiple events in which all have to occur - correct answer multiply the
individual odds
Ex. 60% chance that is will rain all three days. .60 x .60 x .60
