Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1
1. Pathophysiology
Answer Study of the body's response to dysfunction
2. Disease
Answer Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system
3. Etiology
Answer The cause of a disease
4. Clinical manifestations
Answer Symptoms and chief complaints
5. Morphological changes
Answer Structural changes that are a result of the disease process
6. Etiological factors
Answer Biologic agents, physical forces, chemicals, nutritional excess or deficiency, genetic factors
7. What are the three mechanisms of cellular adaptation?
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,Answer Size
atrophy and hypertrophy Number
hyperplasia
Irregular shape
dysplasia (severe) and metaplasia (chronic)
8. Intercellular accumulation
Answer Results from normal substances, abnormal endogenous or exogenous products
9. Dystrophic pathological calcification
Answer In injured tissue, dead cells create calcium deposits that can cause aortic stenosis or be a result of a fracture or
TB
10. Metastatic Pathological Calcifications
Answer Caused by an increase of serum calcium levels in non-in- jured tissue
11. Chemical injuries
Answer Lead, carbon tetrachloride, carbon monoxide, ethanol, mercury, street drugs
12. Asphyxiation injuries
Answer Suttocation, strangulation, drowning
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, 13. Hypoxic injuries
Answer Ischemia (lack of blood flow) and anoxia (lack of oxygen)
14. What does cellular aging cause?
Answer Atrophy, decreased functioning
15. Isotonic solutions
Answer Will cause no change to cells 0.9% saline
16. Hypertonic solutions
Answer Will cause cells to shrink/crenate 3% saline or 5%
dextrose
17. Hypotonic solutions
Answer Will cause cells to swell 0.45% saline
18. Edema
Answer Accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces
19. What are causes of edema?
Answer Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (fluid moves from capillary to interstitial space)
Decrease in plasma osmotic pressure (decrease in RBC, plasma and proteins causing fluid to leak into tissues) Increase in
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1. Pathophysiology
Answer Study of the body's response to dysfunction
2. Disease
Answer Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system
3. Etiology
Answer The cause of a disease
4. Clinical manifestations
Answer Symptoms and chief complaints
5. Morphological changes
Answer Structural changes that are a result of the disease process
6. Etiological factors
Answer Biologic agents, physical forces, chemicals, nutritional excess or deficiency, genetic factors
7. What are the three mechanisms of cellular adaptation?
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23
,Answer Size
atrophy and hypertrophy Number
hyperplasia
Irregular shape
dysplasia (severe) and metaplasia (chronic)
8. Intercellular accumulation
Answer Results from normal substances, abnormal endogenous or exogenous products
9. Dystrophic pathological calcification
Answer In injured tissue, dead cells create calcium deposits that can cause aortic stenosis or be a result of a fracture or
TB
10. Metastatic Pathological Calcifications
Answer Caused by an increase of serum calcium levels in non-in- jured tissue
11. Chemical injuries
Answer Lead, carbon tetrachloride, carbon monoxide, ethanol, mercury, street drugs
12. Asphyxiation injuries
Answer Suttocation, strangulation, drowning
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, 13. Hypoxic injuries
Answer Ischemia (lack of blood flow) and anoxia (lack of oxygen)
14. What does cellular aging cause?
Answer Atrophy, decreased functioning
15. Isotonic solutions
Answer Will cause no change to cells 0.9% saline
16. Hypertonic solutions
Answer Will cause cells to shrink/crenate 3% saline or 5%
dextrose
17. Hypotonic solutions
Answer Will cause cells to swell 0.45% saline
18. Edema
Answer Accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces
19. What are causes of edema?
Answer Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (fluid moves from capillary to interstitial space)
Decrease in plasma osmotic pressure (decrease in RBC, plasma and proteins causing fluid to leak into tissues) Increase in
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