EMT PATIENT ASSESSMENT TEST 2026 || A+ GRADED.
You are assessing a patient who fell off a ladder. He is conscious and alert and complaining of
pain to his right side and shortness of breath. This is known as ________
A. The chief complaint
B. The nature of illness
C. A sign
D. The mechanism of injury correct answers A
Primary assessment correct answers - Identify and begin treatment of immediate or imminent life
threats
- Must physically examine the patient and assess level of consciousness (LOC) and airway,
breathing, and circulation (ABC)
Steps of primary assessment correct answers 1. Form a general impression of your patient and
the environment
2. Conduct a first look test
3. Determine level of consciousness (AVPU, GCS)
4. Assess airway - if alert, open airway; if V, P, or U, open airway with jaw thrust, consider
oral/nasal airway and suctioning
5. Assess breathing - determine rate, rhythm, quality for 30 seconds
6. Assess breath sounds - Mid axillary unless abnormal, then all six positions
7. Administer oxygen 15 L by nonrebreather
8. Assess pulse - determine rate, rhthym, quality for 30 seconds; if responsive palpate radial
artery, if unresponsive palpate carotid artery
9. Assess skin color, temperature, and moisture
10. Assess capillary refill
11. Assess and control life threatening external bleeding
12. Perform a rapid scan (60-90 seconds)
13. Determine priority care and transport
Form a general impression correct answers - Determines the priority of care
- Note patient's sex, age, race, level of distress, overall appearance, position, and whether he is
moving or still
- Approach patient from his feet, so he can see you coming
- Refer to patient by name
- Ask about chief complaint
- You will define the patient's condition as stable, potentially unstable, or unstable
For patients who are unconscious: correct answers - Focus initial assessment on problems with
airway, breathing, and circulation, which are critical life threats
- Sustained unconsciousness should warn you that a critical respiratory, circulatory, or central
system problem or deficit may exist
- Presume that the patient has a critical injury or life-threatening condition until proven otherwise
,For patients who are conscious with altered LOC: correct answers - This state can be caused by
medications, drugs, alcohol, or poisoning; this may indicate that inadequate perfusion is
adversely affecting the brain and its ability to function
- Further assessment will be required for any patient with an altered LOC
Perfusion correct answers The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue to provide necessary
oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste
AVPU scale correct answers Tests a patient's responsiveness
- Awake and alert
- Responsiveness to verbal stimuli
- Responsive to pain
- Unresponsive
Areas to simulate pain correct answers - Pinch areas such as the patient's ear, back of the upper
arm (triceps), the trapezius area (the muscle above the collar bone), or apply upward pressure
along the ridge of the orbital rim along the underside of the eyebrow
Orientation correct answers Tests a patient's mental status by checking his or her memory and
thinking ability
Most common test evaluates a patient's ability to remember: correct answers - Person: the patient
is able to remember his or her name (evaluates long-term memory)
- Place: the patient is able to identify his or her current location (evaluates intermediate memory)
- Time: the patient is able to tell you the current year, month, and approximate date (evaluates
intermediate memory when asking year or month, evaluates short-term memory when asking
approximate date and event)
- Event: the patient is able to describe what happened (MOI or NOI)
Altered mental status correct answers Any deviation from alert and oriented to person, place,
time, and event
What is this an example of: A painful femur fracture that prevents the patient from noticing back
or neck pain correct answers A distracting injury
General conditions that cause sudden death: correct answers - Airway obstruction
- Respiratory failure
- Respiratory arrest
- Shock
- Severe bleeding
- Primary cardiac arrest
When a patient has life-threatening bleeding, you should address life threats to circulation first,
in the sequence of: correct answers Circulation, airway, breathing (CAB)
, If there is a potential for trauma, use ____ to open the airway correct answers Jaw-thrust
maneuver
Foreign objects that may create obstruction: correct answers - Dentures
- Blood clots
- Vomitus
- Mucus
- Food
Signs of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient include: correct answers - Obvious trauma,
blood, or other obstruction
- Noisy breathing, such as snoring, bubbling, gurgling, crowing, stridor, or other abnormal
sounds (normal breathing is quiet)
- Extremely shallow or absent breathing (airway obstructions may impair breathing)
Spontaneous respirations correct answers A patient who is breathing without assistance
Perform ______ for patients who are not breathing or whose breathing is too slow or too shallow
correct answers Positive-pressure ventilations
The goal for oxygenation for most patients is an oxygen saturation of approximately ____ to
____ correct answers 94% to 99%
If respirations exceed 28 breaths/min or are fewer than 8 breaths/min or are too shallow to
provide adequate air exchange, consider providing _________ correct answers Positive-pressure
ventilations with an airway adjunct
Shallow expirations correct answers Identified by little movement of the chest wall (reduced
tidal volume) or poor chest excursion
Retractions correct answers Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during
inspiration
Accessory muscles correct answers Secondary muscles of respiration (neck muscles, abdominal
muscles, etc.)
Presence of _____ or the use of _____ of respiration is a sign of inadequate breathing correct
answers Retractions, accessory muscles
Nasal flaring correct answers Widening of the nostrils, indicating an airway obstruction
_____ and _____ in pediatric patients indicate inadequate breathing correct answers Nasal
flaring, seesaw breathing
Two-to-three-word dyspnea correct answers A severe breathing problem in which a patient can
speak only two to three words at a time without pausing to take a breath
You are assessing a patient who fell off a ladder. He is conscious and alert and complaining of
pain to his right side and shortness of breath. This is known as ________
A. The chief complaint
B. The nature of illness
C. A sign
D. The mechanism of injury correct answers A
Primary assessment correct answers - Identify and begin treatment of immediate or imminent life
threats
- Must physically examine the patient and assess level of consciousness (LOC) and airway,
breathing, and circulation (ABC)
Steps of primary assessment correct answers 1. Form a general impression of your patient and
the environment
2. Conduct a first look test
3. Determine level of consciousness (AVPU, GCS)
4. Assess airway - if alert, open airway; if V, P, or U, open airway with jaw thrust, consider
oral/nasal airway and suctioning
5. Assess breathing - determine rate, rhythm, quality for 30 seconds
6. Assess breath sounds - Mid axillary unless abnormal, then all six positions
7. Administer oxygen 15 L by nonrebreather
8. Assess pulse - determine rate, rhthym, quality for 30 seconds; if responsive palpate radial
artery, if unresponsive palpate carotid artery
9. Assess skin color, temperature, and moisture
10. Assess capillary refill
11. Assess and control life threatening external bleeding
12. Perform a rapid scan (60-90 seconds)
13. Determine priority care and transport
Form a general impression correct answers - Determines the priority of care
- Note patient's sex, age, race, level of distress, overall appearance, position, and whether he is
moving or still
- Approach patient from his feet, so he can see you coming
- Refer to patient by name
- Ask about chief complaint
- You will define the patient's condition as stable, potentially unstable, or unstable
For patients who are unconscious: correct answers - Focus initial assessment on problems with
airway, breathing, and circulation, which are critical life threats
- Sustained unconsciousness should warn you that a critical respiratory, circulatory, or central
system problem or deficit may exist
- Presume that the patient has a critical injury or life-threatening condition until proven otherwise
,For patients who are conscious with altered LOC: correct answers - This state can be caused by
medications, drugs, alcohol, or poisoning; this may indicate that inadequate perfusion is
adversely affecting the brain and its ability to function
- Further assessment will be required for any patient with an altered LOC
Perfusion correct answers The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue to provide necessary
oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste
AVPU scale correct answers Tests a patient's responsiveness
- Awake and alert
- Responsiveness to verbal stimuli
- Responsive to pain
- Unresponsive
Areas to simulate pain correct answers - Pinch areas such as the patient's ear, back of the upper
arm (triceps), the trapezius area (the muscle above the collar bone), or apply upward pressure
along the ridge of the orbital rim along the underside of the eyebrow
Orientation correct answers Tests a patient's mental status by checking his or her memory and
thinking ability
Most common test evaluates a patient's ability to remember: correct answers - Person: the patient
is able to remember his or her name (evaluates long-term memory)
- Place: the patient is able to identify his or her current location (evaluates intermediate memory)
- Time: the patient is able to tell you the current year, month, and approximate date (evaluates
intermediate memory when asking year or month, evaluates short-term memory when asking
approximate date and event)
- Event: the patient is able to describe what happened (MOI or NOI)
Altered mental status correct answers Any deviation from alert and oriented to person, place,
time, and event
What is this an example of: A painful femur fracture that prevents the patient from noticing back
or neck pain correct answers A distracting injury
General conditions that cause sudden death: correct answers - Airway obstruction
- Respiratory failure
- Respiratory arrest
- Shock
- Severe bleeding
- Primary cardiac arrest
When a patient has life-threatening bleeding, you should address life threats to circulation first,
in the sequence of: correct answers Circulation, airway, breathing (CAB)
, If there is a potential for trauma, use ____ to open the airway correct answers Jaw-thrust
maneuver
Foreign objects that may create obstruction: correct answers - Dentures
- Blood clots
- Vomitus
- Mucus
- Food
Signs of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient include: correct answers - Obvious trauma,
blood, or other obstruction
- Noisy breathing, such as snoring, bubbling, gurgling, crowing, stridor, or other abnormal
sounds (normal breathing is quiet)
- Extremely shallow or absent breathing (airway obstructions may impair breathing)
Spontaneous respirations correct answers A patient who is breathing without assistance
Perform ______ for patients who are not breathing or whose breathing is too slow or too shallow
correct answers Positive-pressure ventilations
The goal for oxygenation for most patients is an oxygen saturation of approximately ____ to
____ correct answers 94% to 99%
If respirations exceed 28 breaths/min or are fewer than 8 breaths/min or are too shallow to
provide adequate air exchange, consider providing _________ correct answers Positive-pressure
ventilations with an airway adjunct
Shallow expirations correct answers Identified by little movement of the chest wall (reduced
tidal volume) or poor chest excursion
Retractions correct answers Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during
inspiration
Accessory muscles correct answers Secondary muscles of respiration (neck muscles, abdominal
muscles, etc.)
Presence of _____ or the use of _____ of respiration is a sign of inadequate breathing correct
answers Retractions, accessory muscles
Nasal flaring correct answers Widening of the nostrils, indicating an airway obstruction
_____ and _____ in pediatric patients indicate inadequate breathing correct answers Nasal
flaring, seesaw breathing
Two-to-three-word dyspnea correct answers A severe breathing problem in which a patient can
speak only two to three words at a time without pausing to take a breath
