MIC 205 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - Answers -"Father of Protozoology" and
"Father of Bacteriology"
-Examined water and visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae, and
single celled protozoa; "animalcules"
Carolus Linnaeus - Answers -Grouped the 5 categories of microorganisms
5 categories of microorganisms - Answers --Small animals
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Algae
- Prokaryotes
Fungi - Answers -eukaryotic, cell walls, get food from other organisms (mold, yeast)
Protozoa - Answers -single celled eukaryotes, live in animal hosts
Locomotion in Protozoa - Answers -psudopodia
cilia
flagella
Algae - Answers -(unicellular or multicellular) Photosynthetic, categorized by
pigmentation, storage products, and cell wall
Prokaryotes - Answers -unicellular, NO nuclei
reproduce asexually
2 kinds- bacteria & archaea
Viruses - Answers -NOT cells, made of protein and DNA/RNA
require a host for replication
Principles of microscopy - Answers -wavelength, refraction/magnification,
resolution/contrast
Refraction - Answers -bending of light (radiation)
Magnification - Answers -perceived enlargement of an image
Resolution - Answers -capability of distinguishing between 2 adjacent objects
Contrast - Answers -difference in intensity between 2 objects or an object and a
background
, Electron microscope limits - Answers -can see proteins, ribosomes, viruses
Light microscope limits - Answers -hard to see viruses but can see cells
Dark field microscope - Answers -light against dark background
Phase contrast microscopes - Answers -3D against gray background
Fluorescence microscope - Answers -colored against black background
Confocal microscopes - Answers -removes out of focus light, can be stacked to make a
3D image
Electron Microscopes - Answers -view bacteria, viruses, internal cell structure,
molecules and large atoms
Transmission electron microscope - Answers -Cross sections of cells/viruses to see
internally
Scanning electron microscopes - Answers -surface views of organisms
Scanning probe microscopes - Answers -see single molecules and large atomic
clusters
Staining - Answers -increase contrast and resolution with dyes
-simple, differential, special
Gram stain - Answers -differential stain
1. crystal violet (purple dye)
2. iodine (mordent)
3. alcohol (decolorize)
4. safranin (red dye)
Gram stain turns gram positive what color? - Answers -Purple
Gram stain turns gram negative what color? - Answers -Pink
Domains of basic types of cells - Answers -eukarya
bacteria
archaea
Prokaryotes - Answers -no nucleus, bacteria and archaea
External prokaryote structure - Answers -glycocalyces
flagella
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - Answers -"Father of Protozoology" and
"Father of Bacteriology"
-Examined water and visualized tiny animals, fungi, algae, and
single celled protozoa; "animalcules"
Carolus Linnaeus - Answers -Grouped the 5 categories of microorganisms
5 categories of microorganisms - Answers --Small animals
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Algae
- Prokaryotes
Fungi - Answers -eukaryotic, cell walls, get food from other organisms (mold, yeast)
Protozoa - Answers -single celled eukaryotes, live in animal hosts
Locomotion in Protozoa - Answers -psudopodia
cilia
flagella
Algae - Answers -(unicellular or multicellular) Photosynthetic, categorized by
pigmentation, storage products, and cell wall
Prokaryotes - Answers -unicellular, NO nuclei
reproduce asexually
2 kinds- bacteria & archaea
Viruses - Answers -NOT cells, made of protein and DNA/RNA
require a host for replication
Principles of microscopy - Answers -wavelength, refraction/magnification,
resolution/contrast
Refraction - Answers -bending of light (radiation)
Magnification - Answers -perceived enlargement of an image
Resolution - Answers -capability of distinguishing between 2 adjacent objects
Contrast - Answers -difference in intensity between 2 objects or an object and a
background
, Electron microscope limits - Answers -can see proteins, ribosomes, viruses
Light microscope limits - Answers -hard to see viruses but can see cells
Dark field microscope - Answers -light against dark background
Phase contrast microscopes - Answers -3D against gray background
Fluorescence microscope - Answers -colored against black background
Confocal microscopes - Answers -removes out of focus light, can be stacked to make a
3D image
Electron Microscopes - Answers -view bacteria, viruses, internal cell structure,
molecules and large atoms
Transmission electron microscope - Answers -Cross sections of cells/viruses to see
internally
Scanning electron microscopes - Answers -surface views of organisms
Scanning probe microscopes - Answers -see single molecules and large atomic
clusters
Staining - Answers -increase contrast and resolution with dyes
-simple, differential, special
Gram stain - Answers -differential stain
1. crystal violet (purple dye)
2. iodine (mordent)
3. alcohol (decolorize)
4. safranin (red dye)
Gram stain turns gram positive what color? - Answers -Purple
Gram stain turns gram negative what color? - Answers -Pink
Domains of basic types of cells - Answers -eukarya
bacteria
archaea
Prokaryotes - Answers -no nucleus, bacteria and archaea
External prokaryote structure - Answers -glycocalyces
flagella
