RCLS 2601 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
Time laxity: - Answers -Having a lot of time with minimal challenging task (opposite of
time scarcity) ex: When you're in prison and have so much free time you become more
aware of your surroundings and activities
Time compression: - Answers -Time seems to fly by, usually happens when we pick the
activity that we're doing
Protracted time- Time passes slowly: - Answers -2 types are boredom and absorption;
ex: the last 15 minutes of class go by slow
Time scarcity: - Answers -When you perceive time to be scarce; ex: You have 2 tests in
one week, but you feel like you only have time to study for one
Niche markets: - Answers -Identifying needs, warms, and requirements to satisfy a
specific group; ex: sports channel targets a specific group (ESPN), markets that are in
that common culture
Common culture: - Answers -Everything in technology based and keeps us all
connected; ex: pop culture
High culture: - Answers -Typical past times of the elite; ex: Ballet or opera
Folk culture: - Answers -Local passtimes; ex: Rodeos, county fair
Biocultural evolution-stages- - Answers -Variation, Selection and transmission
How do we determine what is popular? Who is instrumental in this? - Answers -By how
many people are talking about it, media, the taste of the youth
What are the Zimbardo Time Perspectives? - Answers -Past-negative, Past-positive,
Present-fatalistic, Present-hedonistic, Future, Balanced
Past-negative: - Answers -Biased towards viewing the present in light of generally
unhappy/negative view of the past
Past-positive: - Answers -Biased to think and interpret the present in light of a
warm/sentimental attitude towards the past
Present-fatalistic: - Answers -Biased to think about the present in light of a helpless
attitude towards life related to an external locus of control
Present-hedonistic: - Answers -Biased to spend most tie thinking about the present in
light of a hedonistic, risk-taking, attitude towards life
, Future: - Answers -Biased to think about the present in light of anticipated goals and
rewards
Balanced: - Answers -Blending past-positive, present-hedonistic, and future
perspectives depending on the situation
What are the different time perceptions? - Answers -Protracted duration, Compressed
time, Time scarcity, Time laxity, Time deepening
Protracted duration: - Answers -Time seems to pass slowly; ex: last 15 minutes of your
shirt takes forever
Time Deepening: - Answers -Engaging in more than one activity simultaneously during
the context of discretionary time; ex: speed up a give task, substitute a fast activity for a
slow one, do multiple things at once, plan every minute
What are factors influence out time perspectives? - Answers -Cultural norms and
values, (no future tense in Sicilian language), personal upbringing, environment
Women and leisure: - Answers -Historically constrained by children, safety, obligations,
Title IX (if you provide blank for men, you must provide blank for women)
Understand the types of activities that can use leisure as a change agent: - Answers -
Sports, music, movies
Leisure can cause change with respect to: - Answers -Gender roles, sexuality,
disabilities, race, aging, class status
Contact theory- - Answers -Idea that if you get people together in a singular and neutral
space, barriers will be broken down and people will see each other clearer, other than
by what is driving them apart
Social-categorization theory: - Answers -Classifying different things into categories to
better understand people and predict their future actions, which allows us to make
sense of human action; shapes our perceptions of people
In-group: - Answers -Leisure activities that have a dominant group of participants; ex:
football team
Out-group: - Answers -Groups that threaten the traditions and normal standards
Qualitative research: - Answers -Research methods are an appropriate choice when
researchers do not have enough information to form a priori judgments about the
research.
Time laxity: - Answers -Having a lot of time with minimal challenging task (opposite of
time scarcity) ex: When you're in prison and have so much free time you become more
aware of your surroundings and activities
Time compression: - Answers -Time seems to fly by, usually happens when we pick the
activity that we're doing
Protracted time- Time passes slowly: - Answers -2 types are boredom and absorption;
ex: the last 15 minutes of class go by slow
Time scarcity: - Answers -When you perceive time to be scarce; ex: You have 2 tests in
one week, but you feel like you only have time to study for one
Niche markets: - Answers -Identifying needs, warms, and requirements to satisfy a
specific group; ex: sports channel targets a specific group (ESPN), markets that are in
that common culture
Common culture: - Answers -Everything in technology based and keeps us all
connected; ex: pop culture
High culture: - Answers -Typical past times of the elite; ex: Ballet or opera
Folk culture: - Answers -Local passtimes; ex: Rodeos, county fair
Biocultural evolution-stages- - Answers -Variation, Selection and transmission
How do we determine what is popular? Who is instrumental in this? - Answers -By how
many people are talking about it, media, the taste of the youth
What are the Zimbardo Time Perspectives? - Answers -Past-negative, Past-positive,
Present-fatalistic, Present-hedonistic, Future, Balanced
Past-negative: - Answers -Biased towards viewing the present in light of generally
unhappy/negative view of the past
Past-positive: - Answers -Biased to think and interpret the present in light of a
warm/sentimental attitude towards the past
Present-fatalistic: - Answers -Biased to think about the present in light of a helpless
attitude towards life related to an external locus of control
Present-hedonistic: - Answers -Biased to spend most tie thinking about the present in
light of a hedonistic, risk-taking, attitude towards life
, Future: - Answers -Biased to think about the present in light of anticipated goals and
rewards
Balanced: - Answers -Blending past-positive, present-hedonistic, and future
perspectives depending on the situation
What are the different time perceptions? - Answers -Protracted duration, Compressed
time, Time scarcity, Time laxity, Time deepening
Protracted duration: - Answers -Time seems to pass slowly; ex: last 15 minutes of your
shirt takes forever
Time Deepening: - Answers -Engaging in more than one activity simultaneously during
the context of discretionary time; ex: speed up a give task, substitute a fast activity for a
slow one, do multiple things at once, plan every minute
What are factors influence out time perspectives? - Answers -Cultural norms and
values, (no future tense in Sicilian language), personal upbringing, environment
Women and leisure: - Answers -Historically constrained by children, safety, obligations,
Title IX (if you provide blank for men, you must provide blank for women)
Understand the types of activities that can use leisure as a change agent: - Answers -
Sports, music, movies
Leisure can cause change with respect to: - Answers -Gender roles, sexuality,
disabilities, race, aging, class status
Contact theory- - Answers -Idea that if you get people together in a singular and neutral
space, barriers will be broken down and people will see each other clearer, other than
by what is driving them apart
Social-categorization theory: - Answers -Classifying different things into categories to
better understand people and predict their future actions, which allows us to make
sense of human action; shapes our perceptions of people
In-group: - Answers -Leisure activities that have a dominant group of participants; ex:
football team
Out-group: - Answers -Groups that threaten the traditions and normal standards
Qualitative research: - Answers -Research methods are an appropriate choice when
researchers do not have enough information to form a priori judgments about the
research.
