CMN 170V MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
What is ICT? - Answers Information and Communication Technology
True or False. The invention of the telephone was not the world's first "tele-communication" or
"distance communication" device, smoke signals can and were used for distance communication -
Answers True
How has communication evolved? - Answers Smoke signals → Trumpet, horns (100 B.C.) → News
paper (1502)→Chappe Telegraph (1794)→Electromagnetic Telegraph (1837)→Telephone
(1876)→Radio (1918)→TV (1927)→Cellular (1973)
How has information storage evolved? - Answers Wall-painting→Chinese paper (105 A.D.)→Printing
Press (1450)→Punch cards (1801)→Magnetic disk (1956)→CD-Rom (1982)
How has computation evolved? - Answers Abacus calculator → Mech. Calculator (1500 A.D.)→Relay
(1935)→Vacuum tube (1942)→ Transistor(1959) → Microprocessor(1973) → Laptop (1975) → Mac
(1981)
What three areas have converged into ICT? - Answers Communication, information storage, and
computation
Who is Claude Shannon? - Answers Father of the information and digital age
"Digital convergence" or "ICT convergence" on the bit refers to the fact that... - Answers Three
previously separate technologies trajectories (Communication, Information Storage, and
Computation) converges on the digital paradigm
True or False. Time online has dramatically decreased. - Answers False. Time online has dramatically
INCREASED.
True or False. Technology is a tool and a means to an end. - Answers True.
What is technology determinism? - Answers Technology determines the outcome
Is this an example of technology determines or social construction of technology? Example: internet
implies freedom and democracy, the internet is inherently good, or, technology implies a
informational dictatorship, total control, surveillance, internet is inherently bad - Answers Technology
determinism
Is this an example of technology determinism or social construction of technology?
Example: "The internet increases productivity" - Answers Technology determinism
What is social construction of technology? - Answers technology has different outcomes and they
have to be socially constructed, technology is a tool like a hammer
Is this an example of technology determines or social construction of technology?
Example: "The internet can be used in a way to increase productivity" - Answers Social constructivism
What is the Cube Framework? - Answers Frame of reference that enables us to sort out the intricate
relationships between information and communication tech. and development
What does the Cube Framework focus on? - Answers -interdependency among technology
-policy interventions
-socioeconomic sectors
What are the horizontal layers of the Cube Framework? - Answers -Infrastructure: tangible like
hardware, computers, mobile phones, cables
-Generic services: software, apps, email services, social networks
-Capabilities, skills and culture: ability to use it
What are the vertical layers of the Cube Framework? - Answers •Different sectors like e-commerce, e-
health, public admin.
•The prefix "e-..." implies that part of the involved information processes take place in electronic
format
What are the diagonal areas of the Cube Framework? - Answers •Policy
•Positive and negative feedback: the modification of a process or system by intervention
True or False. The first fundamental necessary condition for digital development consists in:
Hardware, software and human capital - Answers True
"Politicians and entrepreneurs alike have claimed that the Internet is a tool for total control. Digital
communication and interactions are recorded, monitored and analyzed by secret services, national
security agencies, and private enterprises as part of their surveillance practices." This attitude is an
example of:
a) Technological determinism
b) Social constructivism - Answers a) Technological determinism
, The first computing device that ever existed was enabled by the monumental invention of the
transistor and microprocessor in the 1970s, which also sets the starting point of the "Information
Age"
A) True
B) False - Answers B) False
How can we think about global digital development? - Answers Technology is a tool that has to be
guided and technology is not automatically good or bad
True or False. In regards to guiding intervention, positive feedback is like adding fuel to a fire and
negative feedback is not too much, not too little - Answers True
Technological change is represented by the... - Answers 3 horizontal layers (Infrastructure, Generic
Services, Capabilities)
Social change is represented by the... - Answers e-sectors or vertical layers
True or False. Fixed lined phones were the traditional infrastructure, has DECREASED in use. - Answers
True
True or False. Broadband is inexpensive around the world, this is why use globally is at 9.8% - Answers
False. Broadband is EXPENSIVE around the world and this is why it is so low
How can it be that worldwide there are more mobile phone subscriptions per person (95%) than
there are connections to the official electricity network (some 80%)? - Answers •Some people in the
developed world have 2 or 3 mobile phone subscriptions, while some in developing countries do not
have any
•Some people in developing countries charge their phones through alternative energy sources,
motors and batteries
True or False. Internet usage is LOWER among people with higher levels of education. - Answers False.
Internet usage is HIGHER among people with higher levels of education.
(In regards to Urban-Rural Digital Divide) True or False. Even though 87% of the rural population is
covered, only 1 million people still live with no cell signal - Answers False. Even though 87% of the
rural population is covered, 450 million people still live with no cell signal
(In regards to Urban-Rural Digital Divide) True or False. Urban areas have more fixed than mobile
solutions, have ubiquitous mobile network coverage, have affordable high-speed Internet services
and higher levels to skills use the online content - Answers True
(In regards to Urban-Rural Digital Divide) True or False. Rural have more mobile than fixed because
setting up a mobile network is cheaper than a fixed-line network and can cover rural areas more
easily - Answers True
What is the "back office" in regards to generic services? - Answers •Represents the "invisible" part of
a Web-project and usually consumes the vast majority of the work involved in setting up a web
project
•Example of back-office work- search ability of databases and their interconnectivity
True or False. Countries with higher shares of software spending also have higher shares of software
professionals - Answers True
ICT facilitates macroeconomic performance and business growth by - Answers -increasing productivity
-market reach
-saving costs
-driving innovation
What is ERP? - Answers Economic Resource Planning
What is SCM? - Answers Supply Chain Management
What is CRM? - Answers Customer Relationship Management
What is BI? - Answers Business Intelligence
E-government contributes to - Answers -increased efficiency
-greater transparency
-accountability
-reduces cost
-improves service delivery
What is the EGDI? - Answers e-government development index, comparative tool on how government
deliver public services
What is a MOOC? - Answers Massive Open Online Course
E-education in developing and developed countries... - Answers -Developed countries: the vast
majority of schools have Internet access
What is ICT? - Answers Information and Communication Technology
True or False. The invention of the telephone was not the world's first "tele-communication" or
"distance communication" device, smoke signals can and were used for distance communication -
Answers True
How has communication evolved? - Answers Smoke signals → Trumpet, horns (100 B.C.) → News
paper (1502)→Chappe Telegraph (1794)→Electromagnetic Telegraph (1837)→Telephone
(1876)→Radio (1918)→TV (1927)→Cellular (1973)
How has information storage evolved? - Answers Wall-painting→Chinese paper (105 A.D.)→Printing
Press (1450)→Punch cards (1801)→Magnetic disk (1956)→CD-Rom (1982)
How has computation evolved? - Answers Abacus calculator → Mech. Calculator (1500 A.D.)→Relay
(1935)→Vacuum tube (1942)→ Transistor(1959) → Microprocessor(1973) → Laptop (1975) → Mac
(1981)
What three areas have converged into ICT? - Answers Communication, information storage, and
computation
Who is Claude Shannon? - Answers Father of the information and digital age
"Digital convergence" or "ICT convergence" on the bit refers to the fact that... - Answers Three
previously separate technologies trajectories (Communication, Information Storage, and
Computation) converges on the digital paradigm
True or False. Time online has dramatically decreased. - Answers False. Time online has dramatically
INCREASED.
True or False. Technology is a tool and a means to an end. - Answers True.
What is technology determinism? - Answers Technology determines the outcome
Is this an example of technology determines or social construction of technology? Example: internet
implies freedom and democracy, the internet is inherently good, or, technology implies a
informational dictatorship, total control, surveillance, internet is inherently bad - Answers Technology
determinism
Is this an example of technology determinism or social construction of technology?
Example: "The internet increases productivity" - Answers Technology determinism
What is social construction of technology? - Answers technology has different outcomes and they
have to be socially constructed, technology is a tool like a hammer
Is this an example of technology determines or social construction of technology?
Example: "The internet can be used in a way to increase productivity" - Answers Social constructivism
What is the Cube Framework? - Answers Frame of reference that enables us to sort out the intricate
relationships between information and communication tech. and development
What does the Cube Framework focus on? - Answers -interdependency among technology
-policy interventions
-socioeconomic sectors
What are the horizontal layers of the Cube Framework? - Answers -Infrastructure: tangible like
hardware, computers, mobile phones, cables
-Generic services: software, apps, email services, social networks
-Capabilities, skills and culture: ability to use it
What are the vertical layers of the Cube Framework? - Answers •Different sectors like e-commerce, e-
health, public admin.
•The prefix "e-..." implies that part of the involved information processes take place in electronic
format
What are the diagonal areas of the Cube Framework? - Answers •Policy
•Positive and negative feedback: the modification of a process or system by intervention
True or False. The first fundamental necessary condition for digital development consists in:
Hardware, software and human capital - Answers True
"Politicians and entrepreneurs alike have claimed that the Internet is a tool for total control. Digital
communication and interactions are recorded, monitored and analyzed by secret services, national
security agencies, and private enterprises as part of their surveillance practices." This attitude is an
example of:
a) Technological determinism
b) Social constructivism - Answers a) Technological determinism
, The first computing device that ever existed was enabled by the monumental invention of the
transistor and microprocessor in the 1970s, which also sets the starting point of the "Information
Age"
A) True
B) False - Answers B) False
How can we think about global digital development? - Answers Technology is a tool that has to be
guided and technology is not automatically good or bad
True or False. In regards to guiding intervention, positive feedback is like adding fuel to a fire and
negative feedback is not too much, not too little - Answers True
Technological change is represented by the... - Answers 3 horizontal layers (Infrastructure, Generic
Services, Capabilities)
Social change is represented by the... - Answers e-sectors or vertical layers
True or False. Fixed lined phones were the traditional infrastructure, has DECREASED in use. - Answers
True
True or False. Broadband is inexpensive around the world, this is why use globally is at 9.8% - Answers
False. Broadband is EXPENSIVE around the world and this is why it is so low
How can it be that worldwide there are more mobile phone subscriptions per person (95%) than
there are connections to the official electricity network (some 80%)? - Answers •Some people in the
developed world have 2 or 3 mobile phone subscriptions, while some in developing countries do not
have any
•Some people in developing countries charge their phones through alternative energy sources,
motors and batteries
True or False. Internet usage is LOWER among people with higher levels of education. - Answers False.
Internet usage is HIGHER among people with higher levels of education.
(In regards to Urban-Rural Digital Divide) True or False. Even though 87% of the rural population is
covered, only 1 million people still live with no cell signal - Answers False. Even though 87% of the
rural population is covered, 450 million people still live with no cell signal
(In regards to Urban-Rural Digital Divide) True or False. Urban areas have more fixed than mobile
solutions, have ubiquitous mobile network coverage, have affordable high-speed Internet services
and higher levels to skills use the online content - Answers True
(In regards to Urban-Rural Digital Divide) True or False. Rural have more mobile than fixed because
setting up a mobile network is cheaper than a fixed-line network and can cover rural areas more
easily - Answers True
What is the "back office" in regards to generic services? - Answers •Represents the "invisible" part of
a Web-project and usually consumes the vast majority of the work involved in setting up a web
project
•Example of back-office work- search ability of databases and their interconnectivity
True or False. Countries with higher shares of software spending also have higher shares of software
professionals - Answers True
ICT facilitates macroeconomic performance and business growth by - Answers -increasing productivity
-market reach
-saving costs
-driving innovation
What is ERP? - Answers Economic Resource Planning
What is SCM? - Answers Supply Chain Management
What is CRM? - Answers Customer Relationship Management
What is BI? - Answers Business Intelligence
E-government contributes to - Answers -increased efficiency
-greater transparency
-accountability
-reduces cost
-improves service delivery
What is the EGDI? - Answers e-government development index, comparative tool on how government
deliver public services
What is a MOOC? - Answers Massive Open Online Course
E-education in developing and developed countries... - Answers -Developed countries: the vast
majority of schools have Internet access
