WGU D023 School Financial Leadership Exam Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified
By Experts| Latest Update Guaranteed Success
1st Development Stage of School Finance The period of local district financial responsibility,
with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance The period of emerging state responsibility, with
the use of flat grants, subventions, and other nonequalizing state allocations to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance The emergence of the Strayer-Haig concept of a
foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest district of
the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would receive no
state funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to provide the foundation
program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance The period of refinement of the foundation
program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance "Power" or "open-end" (shared costs)
equalization practices
-20th century
,Equalization state and local districts began exercising a degree of partnership in establishing
and paying for a basic program of education for every school-age child in the state—at least in
theory. In practice, the link between funding and program quality was questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan the percentage of this program to be paid by
each individual district and by the state. This percentage of state funds would be high for poor
districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination has been made for each district,
the same partnership ratio would be maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in
each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance The shift of emphasis and influence, and funding
for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices in
energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance A focus on adequacy in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must be
constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding The state provides a minimal level of funding as a guarantee per
student expenditure. The intent of this system is to counteract the disparity of wealth across
various districts of a state.
Common School Era Local school districts were formed to support the education of the local
population, many of whom were the children of immigrants. In order to accommodate this
influx of educational need with limited personal resources, local property taxes became
mandated to support public schools.
, Early Colonial Schooling Funded through tuition or rate changes, primarily as a funding of
the local community or church of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? State Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's constitution.
Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the state defines its
language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal" to educate all citizens. A
"right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while a "goal" may provide more
flexibility in disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure? The pupil expenditure is the total expense accounted
for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount includes but is not limited to:
personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human resource expenses), transportation
costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses (building construction, maintenance,
utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies, technology, materials). The
amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living changes for the location, but in
many states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per pupil. In
instances where the local funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
Financial disparity
Financial adequacy
Financial productivity
Federal Funding Federal aid continues to be provided in the form of categorical aid. Yet, it
may be time for a larger federal role in financing schools. The largest and most visible
categorical federal assistance programs are ESEA and IDEA. Also, Raced to the Top has garnered
federal aid as a key initiative in the Obama administration. Federal lands have provided funds
for localities in the form of payments in lieu of taxes.
By Experts| Latest Update Guaranteed Success
1st Development Stage of School Finance The period of local district financial responsibility,
with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance The period of emerging state responsibility, with
the use of flat grants, subventions, and other nonequalizing state allocations to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance The emergence of the Strayer-Haig concept of a
foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest district of
the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would receive no
state funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to provide the foundation
program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance The period of refinement of the foundation
program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance "Power" or "open-end" (shared costs)
equalization practices
-20th century
,Equalization state and local districts began exercising a degree of partnership in establishing
and paying for a basic program of education for every school-age child in the state—at least in
theory. In practice, the link between funding and program quality was questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan the percentage of this program to be paid by
each individual district and by the state. This percentage of state funds would be high for poor
districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination has been made for each district,
the same partnership ratio would be maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in
each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance The shift of emphasis and influence, and funding
for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices in
energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance A focus on adequacy in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must be
constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding The state provides a minimal level of funding as a guarantee per
student expenditure. The intent of this system is to counteract the disparity of wealth across
various districts of a state.
Common School Era Local school districts were formed to support the education of the local
population, many of whom were the children of immigrants. In order to accommodate this
influx of educational need with limited personal resources, local property taxes became
mandated to support public schools.
, Early Colonial Schooling Funded through tuition or rate changes, primarily as a funding of
the local community or church of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? State Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's constitution.
Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the state defines its
language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal" to educate all citizens. A
"right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while a "goal" may provide more
flexibility in disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure? The pupil expenditure is the total expense accounted
for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount includes but is not limited to:
personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human resource expenses), transportation
costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses (building construction, maintenance,
utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies, technology, materials). The
amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living changes for the location, but in
many states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per pupil. In
instances where the local funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
Financial disparity
Financial adequacy
Financial productivity
Federal Funding Federal aid continues to be provided in the form of categorical aid. Yet, it
may be time for a larger federal role in financing schools. The largest and most visible
categorical federal assistance programs are ESEA and IDEA. Also, Raced to the Top has garnered
federal aid as a key initiative in the Obama administration. Federal lands have provided funds
for localities in the form of payments in lieu of taxes.
