Honor Biology Semester 1 Final Exam Review UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Scientific Method A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem by asking a
question, forming a hypothesis, and performing an experiment
Measurement the certain digit plus one estimated number (example: 4.0 cm or 10.7 in.)
significant figures 1. Non-zero digits are not significant (ex: 145.98)
2. Zeroes between significant digits are significant (ex: 1002)
3. Zeroes which precede all non-zero digits are not significant (ex: 0.0045)
Biotic vs. Abiotic Living vs. nonliving
Examples: Biotic- Plants/Abiotic-water
Trophic Levels of a Food chain producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer
Producers vs. Consumers Producers- make own food
Consumers- need to consume a living thing
Heterotrophs organisms that cannot make their own food
Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food
Saprotrophs (decomposers) an organism that feeds on or derives nourishment from decaying organic matter.
Carnivore A consumer that eats only animals.
Herbivore A consumer that eats only plants.
Omnivore An animal that eats both plants and animals
Biomass # of organisms x their mass = total biomass
Food pyramid order 1. Producer
2. Primary consumer
3. Secondary consumer
4. Tertiary Consumer
food web vs food chain the food web is more accurate than the food chain and the food chain is linear
while the web is interconnected
, Predator vs. Prey A predator is an organism that eats another organism. The prey is the organism
which the predator eats.
Symbiosis relationship in which two species live closely together
Parasitism One organism benefits and the other is harmed
Mutualism both organisms benefit
Commensilism One species benefits from a relationship with another species without any harm or
benefit to the other species
Energy Transfer Movement of energy from one organism to another being 10% energy transfers
each time (ex: 1000 calories of energy in producers so 100 calories of energy to
the primary consumers)
Photosynthesis Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and
oxygen from sunlight and happens in the chloroplast
cellular respiration the process by which cells use oxygen and food to produce energy (CO2 and
water are products) and it happens in the mitochondria
aerobic respiration Respiration that requires oxygen
anaerobic lactic acid fermentation producing energy without oxygen in animal cells with lactic acid as a byproduct
anaerobic alcoholic fermentation producing energy without oxygen in yeast cells with alcohol as a byproduct
What is Passive Transport? The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular
energy
What are the types of passive transport? diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
What is Simple diffusion? The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
What is facilitated diffusion? Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
What is Osmosis? diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What does hypertonic mean? higher solute concentration (cell shrivels or becomes flaccid)
What does hypotonic mean? less solute, more water (cell bursts or becomes turgid)
What does isotonic mean? both solutions have an equal concentration (nothing happens to cell other than
normal cell functions)
What is active transport? movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient,
requires energy
and CORRECT Answers
Scientific Method A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem by asking a
question, forming a hypothesis, and performing an experiment
Measurement the certain digit plus one estimated number (example: 4.0 cm or 10.7 in.)
significant figures 1. Non-zero digits are not significant (ex: 145.98)
2. Zeroes between significant digits are significant (ex: 1002)
3. Zeroes which precede all non-zero digits are not significant (ex: 0.0045)
Biotic vs. Abiotic Living vs. nonliving
Examples: Biotic- Plants/Abiotic-water
Trophic Levels of a Food chain producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer
Producers vs. Consumers Producers- make own food
Consumers- need to consume a living thing
Heterotrophs organisms that cannot make their own food
Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food
Saprotrophs (decomposers) an organism that feeds on or derives nourishment from decaying organic matter.
Carnivore A consumer that eats only animals.
Herbivore A consumer that eats only plants.
Omnivore An animal that eats both plants and animals
Biomass # of organisms x their mass = total biomass
Food pyramid order 1. Producer
2. Primary consumer
3. Secondary consumer
4. Tertiary Consumer
food web vs food chain the food web is more accurate than the food chain and the food chain is linear
while the web is interconnected
, Predator vs. Prey A predator is an organism that eats another organism. The prey is the organism
which the predator eats.
Symbiosis relationship in which two species live closely together
Parasitism One organism benefits and the other is harmed
Mutualism both organisms benefit
Commensilism One species benefits from a relationship with another species without any harm or
benefit to the other species
Energy Transfer Movement of energy from one organism to another being 10% energy transfers
each time (ex: 1000 calories of energy in producers so 100 calories of energy to
the primary consumers)
Photosynthesis Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and
oxygen from sunlight and happens in the chloroplast
cellular respiration the process by which cells use oxygen and food to produce energy (CO2 and
water are products) and it happens in the mitochondria
aerobic respiration Respiration that requires oxygen
anaerobic lactic acid fermentation producing energy without oxygen in animal cells with lactic acid as a byproduct
anaerobic alcoholic fermentation producing energy without oxygen in yeast cells with alcohol as a byproduct
What is Passive Transport? The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular
energy
What are the types of passive transport? diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
What is Simple diffusion? The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
What is facilitated diffusion? Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
What is Osmosis? diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What does hypertonic mean? higher solute concentration (cell shrivels or becomes flaccid)
What does hypotonic mean? less solute, more water (cell bursts or becomes turgid)
What does isotonic mean? both solutions have an equal concentration (nothing happens to cell other than
normal cell functions)
What is active transport? movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient,
requires energy
