IFDA PRACTICE SET 2026 FULL SOLUTION
◉ Belly-press (abdominal compression) test. Answer: Rotator Cuff
Test
With patient standing, PT places one hand on patient's abdomen;
patient places hand on top of PT's hand and then presses into
abdomen.
Positive: IR weakness, asymmetry; inability to maintain pressure;
patient performs compensations such as extending shoulder or
flexing wrist.
◉ Lift-off sign (Gerber test). Answer: Rotator Cuff Test
Patient lifts hand posteriorly away from the back.
Positive: Pain; inability to lift hand away from back; indicates lesion
of the subscapularis muscle.
◉ Drop-arm (Codman) test. Answer: Rotator Cuff Test
,PT passively abducts shoulder to 90°; patient actively and
eccentrically lowers shoulder.
Positive: Loss of eccentric control of lowering arm.
◉ Active Compression (O'Brien) Test. Answer: Superior Labrum
Anterior to Posterior (SLAP) Tear Test
Patient standing with arm flexed to 90 and elbow extended,
horizontally adducts arm to 10 and rotates internally. PT asks
patient to resist while applying a downward force.
Positive: pain occurs with IR and not ER
◉ Biceps Load II Test. Answer: SLAP Tear Test
Patient supine with shoulder abducted to 120 and in full ER with
elbow flexed to 90 and supinated. If patient shows apprehension,
stop ER. In the same position, have the patient perform elbow
flexion against PT provided resistance
Positive: Apprehension, same or increased pain
◉ Anterior slide test. Answer: SLAP Tear Test
,Patient seated with hand on waist, thumb posterior. PT applies
anterior superior force to elbow
Positive: Pain or clicking in deep shoulder
◉ Compression - Rotation Test. Answer: SLAP Tear Test
Patient supine, PT passively abducts shoulder between 20 and 90
with elbow flexed to 90 then PT applies an axial compression load
with GH ER and IR
Positive: Pain, clicking or catching
◉ Pain provocation (Mimori) Test. Answer: SLAP Tear Test
Patient seated with arm abducted between 90 and 100. PT
externally rotates arm, taking forearm into max supination and max
pronation.
Positive: pain worse in pronated position
◉ Pivot Shift Test. Answer: ACL integrity
, Patient supine with the clinician standing to the side of the patient's
involved knee. There are two main types of clinical tests to
determine the presence of the pivot shift: the reduction test and
subluxation test
Reduction: PT stabilizes the patient's lower leg and flexes the knee
to 90 degrees with one hand while using the palm of the other hand
to medially rotate the tibia, subluxing the lateral tibial platea. A
sudden reduction of the anteriorly subluxed lateral tibial plateau is
seen as the pivot shift.
Subluxation: the reverse of the reduction test. Patient's knees flexed.
PT internally rotates patients tibias with one hand and applies a
valgus stress to the knee joint with the other hand. The PT slowly
extends the knee, maintaining rotation of the tibia. As the patient's
knee reaches full extension, the tibial plateau will be felt to relocate.
◉ Collateral Ligament Instability Test: LCL and MCL. Answer:
Identify ligament laxity or restriction
Entire lower limb is supported and stabilized, knee placed in 20-30
degree of flexion. Valgus force is placed through knee to test the MCL
and varus force checks LCL
◉ Belly-press (abdominal compression) test. Answer: Rotator Cuff
Test
With patient standing, PT places one hand on patient's abdomen;
patient places hand on top of PT's hand and then presses into
abdomen.
Positive: IR weakness, asymmetry; inability to maintain pressure;
patient performs compensations such as extending shoulder or
flexing wrist.
◉ Lift-off sign (Gerber test). Answer: Rotator Cuff Test
Patient lifts hand posteriorly away from the back.
Positive: Pain; inability to lift hand away from back; indicates lesion
of the subscapularis muscle.
◉ Drop-arm (Codman) test. Answer: Rotator Cuff Test
,PT passively abducts shoulder to 90°; patient actively and
eccentrically lowers shoulder.
Positive: Loss of eccentric control of lowering arm.
◉ Active Compression (O'Brien) Test. Answer: Superior Labrum
Anterior to Posterior (SLAP) Tear Test
Patient standing with arm flexed to 90 and elbow extended,
horizontally adducts arm to 10 and rotates internally. PT asks
patient to resist while applying a downward force.
Positive: pain occurs with IR and not ER
◉ Biceps Load II Test. Answer: SLAP Tear Test
Patient supine with shoulder abducted to 120 and in full ER with
elbow flexed to 90 and supinated. If patient shows apprehension,
stop ER. In the same position, have the patient perform elbow
flexion against PT provided resistance
Positive: Apprehension, same or increased pain
◉ Anterior slide test. Answer: SLAP Tear Test
,Patient seated with hand on waist, thumb posterior. PT applies
anterior superior force to elbow
Positive: Pain or clicking in deep shoulder
◉ Compression - Rotation Test. Answer: SLAP Tear Test
Patient supine, PT passively abducts shoulder between 20 and 90
with elbow flexed to 90 then PT applies an axial compression load
with GH ER and IR
Positive: Pain, clicking or catching
◉ Pain provocation (Mimori) Test. Answer: SLAP Tear Test
Patient seated with arm abducted between 90 and 100. PT
externally rotates arm, taking forearm into max supination and max
pronation.
Positive: pain worse in pronated position
◉ Pivot Shift Test. Answer: ACL integrity
, Patient supine with the clinician standing to the side of the patient's
involved knee. There are two main types of clinical tests to
determine the presence of the pivot shift: the reduction test and
subluxation test
Reduction: PT stabilizes the patient's lower leg and flexes the knee
to 90 degrees with one hand while using the palm of the other hand
to medially rotate the tibia, subluxing the lateral tibial platea. A
sudden reduction of the anteriorly subluxed lateral tibial plateau is
seen as the pivot shift.
Subluxation: the reverse of the reduction test. Patient's knees flexed.
PT internally rotates patients tibias with one hand and applies a
valgus stress to the knee joint with the other hand. The PT slowly
extends the knee, maintaining rotation of the tibia. As the patient's
knee reaches full extension, the tibial plateau will be felt to relocate.
◉ Collateral Ligament Instability Test: LCL and MCL. Answer:
Identify ligament laxity or restriction
Entire lower limb is supported and stabilized, knee placed in 20-30
degree of flexion. Valgus force is placed through knee to test the MCL
and varus force checks LCL
