Lecture 10 Energy metabolism of the heart
Why do we have a sophisticated (geavanceerd) sytem?
Transport of oxygen
Removal of waste products
PART 1 Arrangement of the cardiovascular system
1. Oxygen pressure (mmHg); high where we inhale the air
and it decreases when oxygen is taken
a. Pressure at right ventricle is 40mmHg or 15mmHg
in exercise because then more oxygen is extracted
by the circulation
2. Systolic and diastolic pressures (mmHg)
a. Left ventricle: systolic 120, diastolic 80
b. Right ventricle: systolic 25, diastolic 4
So, mean arterial pressure in systemic circulation is higher than in
pulmonary circulation
In series: 2 pumps (left and right side of the heart) – output of both sides of the
heart do closely match
In parallel: most major organs except the liver – enables adaptations to
specific needs in blood flow, without affecting blood flow in other organs
The demands of the body do differ in different species and the
arrangement of the cardiovascular system is different.
Mammals and birds have a 4 camber heart. Crocodiles can
lower their metabolic rate when they dive into the water. Due to
the lower metabolic rate the heart beat lowers too and they
only use blood with lower oxygen content.
Flow of oxygen
Take up oxygen in our lungs inspire that pulmonary
circulation oxygen flows in the heart systemic
circulation oxygen reached the muscles (sarcomeres
(smallest contractile unit in muscle) where it can be
consumed mitochondria ATP
Actin: thin filament
Myosin: thick filament
Tropomyosin: decorate the thin filament and blocks the binding sites
of myosin on actin
Troponin: molecular switch or Ca to bind—once bind tropomyosin will
roll over actin and expose binding sites
Muscle contraction:
Electrical stimulus cell depolarize Ca release from SR Ca bind to troponin
tropomyosin moves away from the actin myosin bind to actin force is generated
and muscle and contract
Why do we have a sophisticated (geavanceerd) sytem?
Transport of oxygen
Removal of waste products
PART 1 Arrangement of the cardiovascular system
1. Oxygen pressure (mmHg); high where we inhale the air
and it decreases when oxygen is taken
a. Pressure at right ventricle is 40mmHg or 15mmHg
in exercise because then more oxygen is extracted
by the circulation
2. Systolic and diastolic pressures (mmHg)
a. Left ventricle: systolic 120, diastolic 80
b. Right ventricle: systolic 25, diastolic 4
So, mean arterial pressure in systemic circulation is higher than in
pulmonary circulation
In series: 2 pumps (left and right side of the heart) – output of both sides of the
heart do closely match
In parallel: most major organs except the liver – enables adaptations to
specific needs in blood flow, without affecting blood flow in other organs
The demands of the body do differ in different species and the
arrangement of the cardiovascular system is different.
Mammals and birds have a 4 camber heart. Crocodiles can
lower their metabolic rate when they dive into the water. Due to
the lower metabolic rate the heart beat lowers too and they
only use blood with lower oxygen content.
Flow of oxygen
Take up oxygen in our lungs inspire that pulmonary
circulation oxygen flows in the heart systemic
circulation oxygen reached the muscles (sarcomeres
(smallest contractile unit in muscle) where it can be
consumed mitochondria ATP
Actin: thin filament
Myosin: thick filament
Tropomyosin: decorate the thin filament and blocks the binding sites
of myosin on actin
Troponin: molecular switch or Ca to bind—once bind tropomyosin will
roll over actin and expose binding sites
Muscle contraction:
Electrical stimulus cell depolarize Ca release from SR Ca bind to troponin
tropomyosin moves away from the actin myosin bind to actin force is generated
and muscle and contract
