PSYC 101 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Psychology - Answers -The scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior
Where did psychology branch out from? - Answers -Physiology and Philosophy
Structuralism - Answers -Focused on the structure of consciousness and the mind (not
identified with anymore)
2 Structuralists - Answers -Wundt and Titchener
Functionalism - Answers -Focused on the function of the mind in helping people adapt
to their environment (not identified with anymore)
2 Functionalists - Answers -Darwin and James
3 Broad ways of understanding psychological phenomena - Answers -Theoretical
Propositions, Shared Metaphors, Accepted Methods of Observation
Modern Perspectives - Answers -Psychodynamic, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Evolutionary
Psychodynamic - Answers -started by Sigmund Freud; case studies, not easy to test or
prove because of small sample size
Behaviorist - Answers -Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner; mental processes are byproducts
of environmental events; experiment
Behaviorist Metaphor - Answers -People are like machines
Cognitive - Answers -Wundt; focuses on how people perceive, process and retrieve
information (Perspective)
Cognitive Metaphor - Answers -Brain like a computer
Evolutionary - Answers -Darwin; behaviors have come about because they helped our
ancestors survive
Evolutionary Metaphor - Answers -runners in a race
Biopsychology - Answers -Physical bases of psychological phenomena (sub-discipline)
Developmental psychology - Answers -How thought, feeling, and behavior develops
through life span
, Social Psychology - Answers -Influence of real or imagined others influence on the
individual
Industrial/Organizational Psychology - Answers -Human behavior within an
organization as well as organizational problems (sub-discipline)
Educational Psychology - Answers -Psychological processes in learning environments
(sub-discipline)
Health Psychology - Answers -Psychological factors involved in health and disease
Clinical Psychology - Answers -Nature and treatment of psychological processes
leading to emotional distress
Cognitive Psychology - Answers -Nature of mental process such as thought, memory,
language
Personality Psychology - Answers -Enduring patterns of thought, feeling and behavior
for types of people or individuals (sub-discipline)
Theory - Answers -Systematic way of organizing and explaining observations
Variable - Answers -changes across circumstance or varies among individuals
Hypothesis - Answers -a tentative belief or guess predicting or explaining the
relationship between 2 or more variables
Continuous Variable - Answers -a variable rated from none to much (amount of
variable)
Categorical Variable - Answers -a variable rated in groups or categories (definite
answers like man/woman)
Standardized Procedure - Answers -doing the same thing with each participant in the
same way (e.g. how the procedure is explained)
Population - Answers -the group you want to be able to generalize to
Sample - Answers -the group participating in the experiment
Generalizability - Answers -how much the findings apply to your population
Internal Validity - Answers -the methods are valid
External Validity - Answers -generalizable outside of the lab
Psychology - Answers -The scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior
Where did psychology branch out from? - Answers -Physiology and Philosophy
Structuralism - Answers -Focused on the structure of consciousness and the mind (not
identified with anymore)
2 Structuralists - Answers -Wundt and Titchener
Functionalism - Answers -Focused on the function of the mind in helping people adapt
to their environment (not identified with anymore)
2 Functionalists - Answers -Darwin and James
3 Broad ways of understanding psychological phenomena - Answers -Theoretical
Propositions, Shared Metaphors, Accepted Methods of Observation
Modern Perspectives - Answers -Psychodynamic, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Evolutionary
Psychodynamic - Answers -started by Sigmund Freud; case studies, not easy to test or
prove because of small sample size
Behaviorist - Answers -Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner; mental processes are byproducts
of environmental events; experiment
Behaviorist Metaphor - Answers -People are like machines
Cognitive - Answers -Wundt; focuses on how people perceive, process and retrieve
information (Perspective)
Cognitive Metaphor - Answers -Brain like a computer
Evolutionary - Answers -Darwin; behaviors have come about because they helped our
ancestors survive
Evolutionary Metaphor - Answers -runners in a race
Biopsychology - Answers -Physical bases of psychological phenomena (sub-discipline)
Developmental psychology - Answers -How thought, feeling, and behavior develops
through life span
, Social Psychology - Answers -Influence of real or imagined others influence on the
individual
Industrial/Organizational Psychology - Answers -Human behavior within an
organization as well as organizational problems (sub-discipline)
Educational Psychology - Answers -Psychological processes in learning environments
(sub-discipline)
Health Psychology - Answers -Psychological factors involved in health and disease
Clinical Psychology - Answers -Nature and treatment of psychological processes
leading to emotional distress
Cognitive Psychology - Answers -Nature of mental process such as thought, memory,
language
Personality Psychology - Answers -Enduring patterns of thought, feeling and behavior
for types of people or individuals (sub-discipline)
Theory - Answers -Systematic way of organizing and explaining observations
Variable - Answers -changes across circumstance or varies among individuals
Hypothesis - Answers -a tentative belief or guess predicting or explaining the
relationship between 2 or more variables
Continuous Variable - Answers -a variable rated from none to much (amount of
variable)
Categorical Variable - Answers -a variable rated in groups or categories (definite
answers like man/woman)
Standardized Procedure - Answers -doing the same thing with each participant in the
same way (e.g. how the procedure is explained)
Population - Answers -the group you want to be able to generalize to
Sample - Answers -the group participating in the experiment
Generalizability - Answers -how much the findings apply to your population
Internal Validity - Answers -the methods are valid
External Validity - Answers -generalizable outside of the lab
