OCR A Level Geography Paper 1 - Coastal landscape systems questions with answers

OCR A Level Geography Paper 1 -
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Coastal landscape systems questions || || || ||




with answers || ||




freeze thaw - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔Water enters
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cracks when it rains and as it gets cold it freezes which
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means that it expands by putting pressure and this
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means cracks enlarge fragmenting the cliff.
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pressure release - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔When
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overlying rocks are removed by weathering and erosion,
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the underlying rock expands and fractures parallel to the
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surface


thermal expansion - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔rocks
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expand when heated and contract when cooled. if they
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are subjected to frequent cycles of temperature change
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then the outer layer may crack and fall off. this is known
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as insulation weathering
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Salt crystallisation - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔solutions of
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salt can seep into pore spaces in porous rocks and form
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salt crystals. the growth of these crystals can create
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stress in the rock causing it to disintegrate
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,oxidation - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔some minerals in
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rocks react with oxygen in the air or in water. iron is
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susceptible to this process as it reacts when oxygen || || || || || || || || ||



dissolves in water and the original structure is destroyed
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carbonation - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔rainwater || || || ||



combines with dissolves co2 from the atmosphere to
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produce a weal carbonic acid. limestone is affected in this
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process
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solution - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔as minerals absorb
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water they expand, curing surface to flake on the rocks
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hydration - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔where a mineral
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dissolves in water || ||




hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔a chemical reaction
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between rock minerals and water
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tree roots - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔these grow into
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cracks and joints in rocks and assert an outwards
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pressure. when trees topple, their roots can also exert
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leverage on rock and soil, bringing them to the surface
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and exposing them to further weathering
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,organic acids - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔soil water
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becomes more acidic during the decomposition of plant
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and animal litter. this reacts with some minerals in a
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process called chelation || ||




transportation - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔- solution || || || || ||



(minerals dissolved in water) || || ||




- suspension (small particles carried in the current)
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- saltation
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- traction
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solution/ corrasion - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔water is
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saline and dissolves into chalk and limestone
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suspension - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔smaller particles || || || || ||



carried in current || ||




saltation - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔The movement of|| || || || || ||



sand or other sediments by short jumps and bounces that
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is caused by wind or water
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traction - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔Large boulders and
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rocks are rolled along the river bed
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, longshore drift - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔The movement
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of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves
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coming in to shore at an angle
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Depositation in waves - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔- rate of || || || || || || || ||



sediment accumulation exceeds rate of removal
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- waves slow immediately after breaking
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- at top of swash, where for a moment water is not
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moving ||




- during backwash, when percolates onto beach material
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- in low-energy environments e.g. estuaries
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- setting velocity: velocity at which sediment particles are
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deposited


physical weathering - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔the
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mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals || || || || ||




chemical weathering - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔The
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process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
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cliffs and shore platforms - CORRECT ANSWER(S)✔✔-
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when destructive waves break repeatedly in relatively
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steeply sloping coastlines, undercutting can occur (wave
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cut notch)||