Re battle To fight back, to respond to an argument
EU internal market One market that allows free movement of goods,
services and capital across EU countries, promoting
trade and economic integration
Free movement of Allows every citizen to live, work and travel freely
people across member states without needing a visa or
work permits
Treaty A formal legally binding agreement between
countries, often addressing issues like trade, peace
or alliances.
TEU Treaty on European Union
TEU Establishes the EU’s framework, principles and key
institutions, outlining how member states cooperate.
(Media) pluralism Different opinions of different people on the media
Subsidiarity Making law close to people
Proportionality For any actions or law taken by the EU should not be
more severe than necessary to achieve the aim/goal.
It ensures that the measure is appropriate and
balance.
The purpose of the have stability and cooperation between European
EU countries
TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
States that the EU needs to ensure that the internal
market functions properly and that there is
cooperation in areas such as employment, education
and trade.
ECHR is a living Because it can change over time. The Court can
instrument interpret it in a way that fits today’s society and
problems.
Example Freedom of expression: now it includes the media
ECHR European Court of Human Rights
CJEU Court of Justice of the European Union. (EU-law)
Negative obligation States should not interfere with freedom ‘freedom
of/to…’
Positive obligation States must take action to protect rights. They
should ensure that everyone has a right to live.
‘Right to…’
Accommodations Adjustments that help people participate equally
despite their needs or limitations. Brail, text audio,
speech, elevator,
Competence The power to legislate and take action in specific
areas, allowing the EU to make decisions and
implement laws by withing those areas.
ECHR Part of the council of Europe and hears cases on
human rights violations by its 47 member states
EU internal market One market that allows free movement of goods,
services and capital across EU countries, promoting
trade and economic integration
Free movement of Allows every citizen to live, work and travel freely
people across member states without needing a visa or
work permits
Treaty A formal legally binding agreement between
countries, often addressing issues like trade, peace
or alliances.
TEU Treaty on European Union
TEU Establishes the EU’s framework, principles and key
institutions, outlining how member states cooperate.
(Media) pluralism Different opinions of different people on the media
Subsidiarity Making law close to people
Proportionality For any actions or law taken by the EU should not be
more severe than necessary to achieve the aim/goal.
It ensures that the measure is appropriate and
balance.
The purpose of the have stability and cooperation between European
EU countries
TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
States that the EU needs to ensure that the internal
market functions properly and that there is
cooperation in areas such as employment, education
and trade.
ECHR is a living Because it can change over time. The Court can
instrument interpret it in a way that fits today’s society and
problems.
Example Freedom of expression: now it includes the media
ECHR European Court of Human Rights
CJEU Court of Justice of the European Union. (EU-law)
Negative obligation States should not interfere with freedom ‘freedom
of/to…’
Positive obligation States must take action to protect rights. They
should ensure that everyone has a right to live.
‘Right to…’
Accommodations Adjustments that help people participate equally
despite their needs or limitations. Brail, text audio,
speech, elevator,
Competence The power to legislate and take action in specific
areas, allowing the EU to make decisions and
implement laws by withing those areas.
ECHR Part of the council of Europe and hears cases on
human rights violations by its 47 member states
