CLAYTON'S BASIC PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES - TEST 1 CH 1-5 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
deals with the study of drugs and their actions on living organisms - Answers pharmacology
examples of therapeutic methods include the following: - Answers - drug therapy
- diet therapy
- physiotherapy
- psychological therapy
therapy which focuses on treatment with drugs - Answers drug therapy
therapy which focuses on treatment with diet - Answers diet therapy
therapy which focuses on treatment with natural physical forces (e.g. water, light, heat) - Answers
physiotherapy
therapy which focuses on the identification of stressors and methods that can be used to reduce or
eliminate stress - Answers psychological therapy
chemical substances that have an effect on living organisms - Answers drugs
therapeutic drugs, used for the prevention or treatment of diseases - Answers medicines
each drug has 3 names: - Answers - chemical name
- generic name
- brand name
describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure - Answers chemical name
non-proprietary name, given by the US Adopted Names Council, considered the official name and the
one listed by the FDA - Answers generic name
proprietary name, drug has a registered trademark, use of the name is restricted by the drug's patent
owner (usually the manufacturer) - Answers trademark/brand name
drugs may be classified by a variety of methods according to: - Answers - the body system they affect
- their therapeutic use or clinical indication
- their physiologic or chemical action
drugs which require an order by a health professional who is licensed to prescribe drugs - Answers
prescription drugs
drugs which are sold without a prescription in a pharmacy or in the health section of department or
grocery strores - Answers nonprescription/over the counter (OTC) drugs
drugs or chemical substances used for nontherapeutic purposes; obtained illegally or have not been
approved for use by the FDA - Answers illegal drugs
a biologic product that is close in structure and function to an existing approved biologic product -
Answers biosimilar
drug __________________ provides a legal basis for drug treatments and protects the consumer
from false claims made by the drug manufacturer - Answers legislation
the two amendments to the Federal Good, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 - Answers - The Durham
Humphrey Amendment of 1951
- The Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment of 1962
amendment which divides medicines into prescription and nonprescription (OTC) categories based on
safety - Answers The Durham Humphrey Amendment
amendment which provides greater control and surveillance of the distribution and clinical testing of
investigational drugs and requires that a product be proven both safe and effective before release for
sale; result of the thalidomide tragedy - Answers The Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment
act passed by Congress in 1970, composite law designed to improve the administration and regulation
of the manufacturing, distribution, and dispensing of drugs that require control by the government
because of their high incidence of abuse - Answers Controlled Substances Act
the basic structure of the Controlled Substances Act consists of ___ classifications, or
__________________, of controlled substances - Answers - 5
- schedules
schedule ___ drugs have a very high potential for abuse, are not currently accepted for medical use in
the US, and lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision - Answers I
lysergic acid diethylamide, peyote, heroin, and hashish are all examples of which schedule of drugs -
Answers schedule I
, schedule ___ drugs have a high potential for abuse, are currently accepted for medical use in the US,
have abuse potential that may lead to severe psychological of physical dependence, and do not come
with refills - Answers II
amphetamines, morphine, hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lortab, Norco), methadone,
oxycodone/aspirin (Percodan), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamin/dextroamphetamine
(Adderall) are all examples of which schedule of drugs - Answers schedule II
schedule ___ drugs have a high potential for abuse, are currently accepted for medical use in the US,
have abuse potential which may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological
dependence, and which have a prescriptions which outdate in 6 months with no more that 5 refills
within that month - Answers III
aspirin/codeine (Empirin with codeine), apirin/butalbital/caffeine (Fiorinal), acetaminophen/codeine
(Tylenol with codeine) are all examples of which schedule of drugs - Answers schedule III
schedule ___ drugs have a low potential for abuse compared with drugs in previous class, are
currently accepted for medical use in the US, have abuse potential that may lead to limited physical or
psychological dependence, and which have a prescription which outdates in 6 months with no more
than 5 refills - Answers IV
phenobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, and temazepam are all examples for which
schedule of drugs - Answers schedule IV
schedule ___ drugs have low potential for abuse, are currently accepted for medical use in the US,
have an abuse potential of limited physcial or psychological dependence liability compared with other
classes, prescription may not be required, and which have a prescription which outdates in 6 months
with no more than 5 refills - Answers V
atropine/diphenoxylate (Lomotil, Virtussin AC) is an example of which schedule of drugs - Answers
schedule V
organization developed to enforce the Controlled Substances Act, gather intelligence, train officers,
and conduct research in the area of dangerous drugs and drugs of abuse - Answers Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA)
nurses may not have controlled substances in their possession unless the following conditions are
met: - Answers - the nurse is giving them to a patient under an order from a healthcare provider
- the nurse is a patient for whom a healthcare provider has prescribed scheduled drugs
- the nurse is the official custodian of a limited supply of controlled substances on a unit or for a
department of the hospital
it currently takes an average of ___ to ___ years and more than $2 billion in research and
development costs to bring a single new drug to market - Answers 8 to 15
the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 charged the FDA with the responsibility of
________________ new drugs - Answers regulating
rules and regulations evolved by the FDA divide new drug development into 4 stages: - Answers -
preclinical research and development
- clinical research and development
- New Drug Application (NDA) review
- postmarketing surveillance
phase of new drug development which begins with the discovery, synthesis, and purification of the
drug; the goal of this stage is to use laboratory studies to determine whether the experimental drug
has therapeutic value and whether the drug appears to be safe in animals - Answers perclinical
research phase
only about ___% of the chemicals tested in the preclinical phase advance to the clinical testing phase -
Answers 20%
phase of new drug development in which humans are first tested - Answers clinical research and
development stage
phase of the clinical research and development stage in which studies determine an experimental
drug's pharmacologic properties, such as its pharmacokinetics, metabolism, safe dosage range,
potential for toxicity at a certain dosage, and safe routes of administration - Answers phase 1
phase of the clinical research and development stage in which a smaller population of patients who
have the condition that the drug is designed to treat experiment with various dosages to determine
success and rate safety of the drugs intended use - Answers phase 2
phase of the clinical research and development stage in which a larger patient population is used to
ensure the statistical significance of the results - Answers phase 3
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
deals with the study of drugs and their actions on living organisms - Answers pharmacology
examples of therapeutic methods include the following: - Answers - drug therapy
- diet therapy
- physiotherapy
- psychological therapy
therapy which focuses on treatment with drugs - Answers drug therapy
therapy which focuses on treatment with diet - Answers diet therapy
therapy which focuses on treatment with natural physical forces (e.g. water, light, heat) - Answers
physiotherapy
therapy which focuses on the identification of stressors and methods that can be used to reduce or
eliminate stress - Answers psychological therapy
chemical substances that have an effect on living organisms - Answers drugs
therapeutic drugs, used for the prevention or treatment of diseases - Answers medicines
each drug has 3 names: - Answers - chemical name
- generic name
- brand name
describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure - Answers chemical name
non-proprietary name, given by the US Adopted Names Council, considered the official name and the
one listed by the FDA - Answers generic name
proprietary name, drug has a registered trademark, use of the name is restricted by the drug's patent
owner (usually the manufacturer) - Answers trademark/brand name
drugs may be classified by a variety of methods according to: - Answers - the body system they affect
- their therapeutic use or clinical indication
- their physiologic or chemical action
drugs which require an order by a health professional who is licensed to prescribe drugs - Answers
prescription drugs
drugs which are sold without a prescription in a pharmacy or in the health section of department or
grocery strores - Answers nonprescription/over the counter (OTC) drugs
drugs or chemical substances used for nontherapeutic purposes; obtained illegally or have not been
approved for use by the FDA - Answers illegal drugs
a biologic product that is close in structure and function to an existing approved biologic product -
Answers biosimilar
drug __________________ provides a legal basis for drug treatments and protects the consumer
from false claims made by the drug manufacturer - Answers legislation
the two amendments to the Federal Good, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 - Answers - The Durham
Humphrey Amendment of 1951
- The Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment of 1962
amendment which divides medicines into prescription and nonprescription (OTC) categories based on
safety - Answers The Durham Humphrey Amendment
amendment which provides greater control and surveillance of the distribution and clinical testing of
investigational drugs and requires that a product be proven both safe and effective before release for
sale; result of the thalidomide tragedy - Answers The Kefauver-Harris Drug Amendment
act passed by Congress in 1970, composite law designed to improve the administration and regulation
of the manufacturing, distribution, and dispensing of drugs that require control by the government
because of their high incidence of abuse - Answers Controlled Substances Act
the basic structure of the Controlled Substances Act consists of ___ classifications, or
__________________, of controlled substances - Answers - 5
- schedules
schedule ___ drugs have a very high potential for abuse, are not currently accepted for medical use in
the US, and lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision - Answers I
lysergic acid diethylamide, peyote, heroin, and hashish are all examples of which schedule of drugs -
Answers schedule I
, schedule ___ drugs have a high potential for abuse, are currently accepted for medical use in the US,
have abuse potential that may lead to severe psychological of physical dependence, and do not come
with refills - Answers II
amphetamines, morphine, hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Vicodin, Lortab, Norco), methadone,
oxycodone/aspirin (Percodan), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and amphetamin/dextroamphetamine
(Adderall) are all examples of which schedule of drugs - Answers schedule II
schedule ___ drugs have a high potential for abuse, are currently accepted for medical use in the US,
have abuse potential which may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological
dependence, and which have a prescriptions which outdate in 6 months with no more that 5 refills
within that month - Answers III
aspirin/codeine (Empirin with codeine), apirin/butalbital/caffeine (Fiorinal), acetaminophen/codeine
(Tylenol with codeine) are all examples of which schedule of drugs - Answers schedule III
schedule ___ drugs have a low potential for abuse compared with drugs in previous class, are
currently accepted for medical use in the US, have abuse potential that may lead to limited physical or
psychological dependence, and which have a prescription which outdates in 6 months with no more
than 5 refills - Answers IV
phenobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, and temazepam are all examples for which
schedule of drugs - Answers schedule IV
schedule ___ drugs have low potential for abuse, are currently accepted for medical use in the US,
have an abuse potential of limited physcial or psychological dependence liability compared with other
classes, prescription may not be required, and which have a prescription which outdates in 6 months
with no more than 5 refills - Answers V
atropine/diphenoxylate (Lomotil, Virtussin AC) is an example of which schedule of drugs - Answers
schedule V
organization developed to enforce the Controlled Substances Act, gather intelligence, train officers,
and conduct research in the area of dangerous drugs and drugs of abuse - Answers Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA)
nurses may not have controlled substances in their possession unless the following conditions are
met: - Answers - the nurse is giving them to a patient under an order from a healthcare provider
- the nurse is a patient for whom a healthcare provider has prescribed scheduled drugs
- the nurse is the official custodian of a limited supply of controlled substances on a unit or for a
department of the hospital
it currently takes an average of ___ to ___ years and more than $2 billion in research and
development costs to bring a single new drug to market - Answers 8 to 15
the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 charged the FDA with the responsibility of
________________ new drugs - Answers regulating
rules and regulations evolved by the FDA divide new drug development into 4 stages: - Answers -
preclinical research and development
- clinical research and development
- New Drug Application (NDA) review
- postmarketing surveillance
phase of new drug development which begins with the discovery, synthesis, and purification of the
drug; the goal of this stage is to use laboratory studies to determine whether the experimental drug
has therapeutic value and whether the drug appears to be safe in animals - Answers perclinical
research phase
only about ___% of the chemicals tested in the preclinical phase advance to the clinical testing phase -
Answers 20%
phase of new drug development in which humans are first tested - Answers clinical research and
development stage
phase of the clinical research and development stage in which studies determine an experimental
drug's pharmacologic properties, such as its pharmacokinetics, metabolism, safe dosage range,
potential for toxicity at a certain dosage, and safe routes of administration - Answers phase 1
phase of the clinical research and development stage in which a smaller population of patients who
have the condition that the drug is designed to treat experiment with various dosages to determine
success and rate safety of the drugs intended use - Answers phase 2
phase of the clinical research and development stage in which a larger patient population is used to
ensure the statistical significance of the results - Answers phase 3
