ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BOOK
LJ
Dynamic Intercepts
,ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY 2000+
PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ALL CHAPTERS COVERED
GRADED A+
,Contents
1 Organisation of the Body........................................................................ 1
2 Cells and Tissues ..................................................................................... 7
2.1 Cells and Tissues ........................................................................... 7
2.2 Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis) ................................... 27
3 Measurement, Errors and Data ............................................................. 35
4 Chemistry for Physiology ....................................................................... 43
4.1 Atoms and Molecules .................................................................... 43
4.2 Solutions ........................................................................................ 52
4.3 Diffusion and Osmosis................................................................... 61
4.4 Tonicity, Moles and Osmoles......................................................... 69
4.5 Acids, Bases and Buffers ............................................................... 79
4.6 Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules ...................................... 93
5 Integument............................................................................................... 105
6 Homeostasis ............................................................................................. 119
7 Skeleton and Joints ................................................................................. 125
8 Muscles..................................................................................................... 143
9 Gastro-Intestinal System ........................................................................ 161
10 Endocrine System.................................................................................... 191
11 Renal System ........................................................................................... 211
12 Cardiovascular System ........................................................................... 237
12.1 Blood.............................................................................................. 237
12.2 Heart .............................................................................................. 250
12.3 Blood Vessels................................................................................. 262
12.4 Pressure: The Physics of Pressure ................................................. 274
ix
booksmedicos.org
, x Contents
12.5 Pressure Applied to the Cardiovascular System ................................ 286
12.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control ......................................................... 297
13 Respiratory System .................................................................................... 315
13.1 Anatomy and Physiology .................................................................. 315
13.2 Pressure Applied to the Respiratory System ..................................... 335
14 Nervous System .......................................................................................... 347
14.1 Cells and Action Potential ................................................................. 347
14.2 Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy ....................................................... 360
14.3 Autonomic System, Neurotransmitters, Reflexes ............................. 377
14.4 Special Senses (Eye & Ear)............................................................... 389
14.4.1 Eye ...................................................................................... 389
14.4.2 Ear ....................................................................................... 397
15 Reproductive System.................................................................................. 405
16 Waves, Light Waves, Sound Waves, Ultrasound
(The Physics Of) ......................................................................................... 419
16.1 Waves ................................................................................................ 419
16.2 Light Waves ...................................................................................... 424
16.3 Sound ................................................................................................ 429
16.4 Ultrasound ......................................................................................... 432
17 Ionising Radiation ...................................................................................... 437
17.1 Medical Imaging with X-Radiation................................................... 437
17.2 Radioactivity, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine,
Radiation Safety ................................................................................ 445
18 Electricity .................................................................................................... 465
19 Biomechanics .............................................................................................. 475
20 Energy and Heat ......................................................................................... 493
booksmedicos.org
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BOOK
LJ
Dynamic Intercepts
,ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY 2000+
PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ALL CHAPTERS COVERED
GRADED A+
,Contents
1 Organisation of the Body........................................................................ 1
2 Cells and Tissues ..................................................................................... 7
2.1 Cells and Tissues ........................................................................... 7
2.2 Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis) ................................... 27
3 Measurement, Errors and Data ............................................................. 35
4 Chemistry for Physiology ....................................................................... 43
4.1 Atoms and Molecules .................................................................... 43
4.2 Solutions ........................................................................................ 52
4.3 Diffusion and Osmosis................................................................... 61
4.4 Tonicity, Moles and Osmoles......................................................... 69
4.5 Acids, Bases and Buffers ............................................................... 79
4.6 Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules ...................................... 93
5 Integument............................................................................................... 105
6 Homeostasis ............................................................................................. 119
7 Skeleton and Joints ................................................................................. 125
8 Muscles..................................................................................................... 143
9 Gastro-Intestinal System ........................................................................ 161
10 Endocrine System.................................................................................... 191
11 Renal System ........................................................................................... 211
12 Cardiovascular System ........................................................................... 237
12.1 Blood.............................................................................................. 237
12.2 Heart .............................................................................................. 250
12.3 Blood Vessels................................................................................. 262
12.4 Pressure: The Physics of Pressure ................................................. 274
ix
booksmedicos.org
, x Contents
12.5 Pressure Applied to the Cardiovascular System ................................ 286
12.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control ......................................................... 297
13 Respiratory System .................................................................................... 315
13.1 Anatomy and Physiology .................................................................. 315
13.2 Pressure Applied to the Respiratory System ..................................... 335
14 Nervous System .......................................................................................... 347
14.1 Cells and Action Potential ................................................................. 347
14.2 Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy ....................................................... 360
14.3 Autonomic System, Neurotransmitters, Reflexes ............................. 377
14.4 Special Senses (Eye & Ear)............................................................... 389
14.4.1 Eye ...................................................................................... 389
14.4.2 Ear ....................................................................................... 397
15 Reproductive System.................................................................................. 405
16 Waves, Light Waves, Sound Waves, Ultrasound
(The Physics Of) ......................................................................................... 419
16.1 Waves ................................................................................................ 419
16.2 Light Waves ...................................................................................... 424
16.3 Sound ................................................................................................ 429
16.4 Ultrasound ......................................................................................... 432
17 Ionising Radiation ...................................................................................... 437
17.1 Medical Imaging with X-Radiation................................................... 437
17.2 Radioactivity, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine,
Radiation Safety ................................................................................ 445
18 Electricity .................................................................................................... 465
19 Biomechanics .............................................................................................. 475
20 Energy and Heat ......................................................................................... 493
booksmedicos.org
