EMS 1055 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE | 111 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
How to read blood pressure Answer - Top number: systolic pressure (heart's
ventricles contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
carotid pulse Answer - the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either
side of the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
femoral pulse Answer - Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery.
blood pressure is at least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse Answer - the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for
infants.)
radial pulse Answer - the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80
systolic.
pedal pulse Answer - The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood
pressure is at least 90-100 systolic
types of shock Answer - cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic,
hypovelimic, obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
,shock Answer - lack of perfusion at the cellular level
general signs and symptoms of shock Answer - -skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
general treatment in shock Answer - -high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
cardiogenic shock Answer - -most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
cardiogenic shock treatment Answer - -standard shock treatment applies
, -patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
neurogenic shock Answer - Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves
that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen
in patients with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
septic shock Answer - Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial
infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
hypovolemic shock Answer - shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
AND ANSWERS | LATEST UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
How to read blood pressure Answer - Top number: systolic pressure (heart's
ventricles contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
carotid pulse Answer - the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either
side of the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
femoral pulse Answer - Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery.
blood pressure is at least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse Answer - the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for
infants.)
radial pulse Answer - the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80
systolic.
pedal pulse Answer - The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood
pressure is at least 90-100 systolic
types of shock Answer - cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic,
hypovelimic, obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
,shock Answer - lack of perfusion at the cellular level
general signs and symptoms of shock Answer - -skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
general treatment in shock Answer - -high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
cardiogenic shock Answer - -most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
cardiogenic shock treatment Answer - -standard shock treatment applies
, -patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
neurogenic shock Answer - Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves
that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen
in patients with spinal cord injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
septic shock Answer - Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial
infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
hypovolemic shock Answer - shock resulting from blood or fluid loss
