IRM1501
ASSIGNMENT 1 SEMESTER 1 2026
UNIQUE NO.
DUE DATE: 20 MARCH 2026
, Introduction to Research Methodology for Law and Criminal Justice - IRM1501
The Generic Steps in the Empirical Research Process
Empirical research is a systematic process used to investigate real-world questions
through observation, evidence, and analysis. Unlike purely theoretical research,
empirical research relies on data gathered from actual phenomena to generate
knowledge. Although the specific methods may vary across disciplines, empirical
research generally follows a sequence of well-defined steps that move logically from
identifying a research problem to reporting the findings. Understanding these steps is
essential for conducting rigorous and reliable research.
1. Identifying the Research Problem
The research process begins with the identification of a clear and researchable problem
or question. This problem should address a gap in existing knowledge, be specific and
measurable, and have practical or theoretical significance. A clearly defined problem
provides direction for the study and helps the researcher determine the appropriate
research approach. Without a well-formulated problem, the study risks being unfocused
or irrelevant.
2. Reviewing the Literature
Once the problem is identified, the researcher conducts a comprehensive review of the
literature. This involves examining existing studies, theories, and findings related to the
topic. The literature review serves several purposes: it contextualizes the research
problem within current knowledge, identifies gaps in understanding, prevents duplication
of previous work, and provides a theoretical framework for the study. Insights gained
from the literature also guide the formulation of hypotheses or research questions,
ensuring that the study builds on existing knowledge.
3. Formulating Hypotheses or Research Questions
Based on the literature review, the researcher develops hypotheses or research
questions. Hypotheses are testable statements predicting a relationship between
variables, while research questions may guide exploratory or descriptive studies where
ASSIGNMENT 1 SEMESTER 1 2026
UNIQUE NO.
DUE DATE: 20 MARCH 2026
, Introduction to Research Methodology for Law and Criminal Justice - IRM1501
The Generic Steps in the Empirical Research Process
Empirical research is a systematic process used to investigate real-world questions
through observation, evidence, and analysis. Unlike purely theoretical research,
empirical research relies on data gathered from actual phenomena to generate
knowledge. Although the specific methods may vary across disciplines, empirical
research generally follows a sequence of well-defined steps that move logically from
identifying a research problem to reporting the findings. Understanding these steps is
essential for conducting rigorous and reliable research.
1. Identifying the Research Problem
The research process begins with the identification of a clear and researchable problem
or question. This problem should address a gap in existing knowledge, be specific and
measurable, and have practical or theoretical significance. A clearly defined problem
provides direction for the study and helps the researcher determine the appropriate
research approach. Without a well-formulated problem, the study risks being unfocused
or irrelevant.
2. Reviewing the Literature
Once the problem is identified, the researcher conducts a comprehensive review of the
literature. This involves examining existing studies, theories, and findings related to the
topic. The literature review serves several purposes: it contextualizes the research
problem within current knowledge, identifies gaps in understanding, prevents duplication
of previous work, and provides a theoretical framework for the study. Insights gained
from the literature also guide the formulation of hypotheses or research questions,
ensuring that the study builds on existing knowledge.
3. Formulating Hypotheses or Research Questions
Based on the literature review, the researcher develops hypotheses or research
questions. Hypotheses are testable statements predicting a relationship between
variables, while research questions may guide exploratory or descriptive studies where
