Table of Contents
Chapter 01 The Genetics Revolution 1
Chapter 02 Single Gene Inheritance 6
ntroduction to Genetic Analysis Anthony J.F. Griffiths, John
TEST BANK I
Chapter 03 Independent Assortment of Genes 26
Doebley, Catherine Peichel, and David A. Wassarman 12th Edition
Chapter 04 Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination 43
Chapter 05 Gene Interaction 63
Chapter 06 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses 84
Chapter 07 DNA Structure and Replication 104
12th Edition
Chapter 08 RNA Transcription Processing and Decay 117
Chapter 09 Proteins and Their Synthesis 130
Chapter 10 Gene Isolation and Manipulation 141
Chapter 11 Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses 160
Chapter 12 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 175
Chapter 13 The Genetic Control of Development 184
Chapter 14 Genomes and Genomics 192
Chapter 15 DNA Damage Repair and Recombination 197
Chapter 16 The Dynamic Genome Transposable Elements 216
Chapter 17 Large Scale Chromosomal Changes 225
Chapter 18 Population Genetics 243
Chapter 19 The Inheritance of Complex Traits 258
Chapter 20 Evolution of Genes and Traits 270
, Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021) Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021)
Chapter 01: The Genetics Revolution 6. Wild cats (Felis silvestris) and common mice (Mus musculus) are diploid. In wild cats, 2n = 38, while in
common mice, 2n = 40. Based on this information, we can conclude that wild-cat cells have
1. The early 1900s was an important period for genetics due to which of the following major events?
a. less DNA than common-mouse cells.
a. the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's scientific findings
b. smaller genomes than common-mouse cells.
b. Watson and Crick solving the structure of DNA
c. fewer DNA molecules than common-mouse cells.
c. Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri hypothesizing that chromosomes are the hereditary elements
d. fewer genes than common-mouse cells.
d. the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's scientific findings and Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri
e. fewer sets of chromosomes than common-mouse cells.
hypothesizing that chromosomes are the hereditary elements
ANSWER: c
e. All of the answer options are correct.
ANSWER: e 7. Which of the following is a component of DNA?
a. alanine
2. A sample of normal double-stranded DNA was found to have a guanine content of 18%. What is the expected
proportion of adenine? b. arginine
a. 9% c. cysteine
b. 32% d. guanine
c. 36% e. tyrosine
d. 68% ANSWER: d
e. 82%
8. Which of the following is/are TRUE of the DNA structure solved by Watson and Crick?
ANSWER: b
a. It is a double-helical structure.
3. In one strand of DNA, the nucleotide sequence is 5'-ATGC-3'. The complementary sequence in the other b. Sugar–phosphate backbone is always toward the outside of the DNA.
strand must be c. There are two hydrogen bonds between A and T and three hydrogen bonds between C and G.
a. 3'-ATGC-5'. d. There are four types of nitrogenous bases.
b. 3'-TACG-5'. e. All of the answer options are correct.
c. 5'-ATCG-3'. ANSWER: e
d. 5'-CGTA-3'.
e. 5'-TACG-3'. 9. Which of the following is a CORRECT representation of the central dogma?
a. RNA → DNA → protein
ANSWER: b
b. protein → DNA → RNA
4. How many different DNA molecules that are eight-nucleotide-pairs long are theoretically possible? c. DNA → RNA → protein
a. 24 d. DNA → protein → DNA
b. 32 e. None of the answer options is correct.
c. 64 ANSWER: c
d. 256
e. 65,536 10. You have come across a dog (named Cindy) that does not have a tail. Interestingly, all the puppies produced
by this dog don't have a tail. If the lack of tail is caused by a genetic mutation, where has this mutation most
ANSWER: e likely taken place?
a. in Cindy's gametes
5. Which of the following is/are TRUE about genes?
b. in the cells that should normally have given rise to Cindy's tail
a. Genes are located on chromosomes.
c. in the cells that should normally have given rise to Cindy's and her puppies' tails
b. Genes come in variants known as alleles.
d. in all of Cindy's cells (including her gametes)
c. Genes usually encode protein products.
e. in a gamete of one of Cindy's parents
d. All of the answer options are correct.
ANSWER: a
e. None of the answer options is correct.
ANSWER: d 11. Which of the following features makes a species suitable as a model organism?
1|Page 2|Page
, Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021) Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021)
a. small organism c. quantitative trait locus
b. short generation time d. single nucleotide polymorphism
c. small genome e. dominant allele
d. produce large number of offspring ANSWER: b
e. All of the answer options are correct.
ANSWER: e 17. Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?
a. polymerase
12. Using molecular techniques, researchers have knocked out both copies of gene G in a series of genetically b. ligase
identical mouse embryos. These mice develop normally, except for their forelimbs, which are missing several c. nuclease
small bones. What can be concluded from the results of this experiment? d. allele
a. Gene G encodes a protein that is a crucial component of the forelimbs' small bones in mice. e. ribosome
b. Gene G encodes a protein that is normally only present in the forelimb cells of developing mice. ANSWER: a
c. Gene G is necessary for proper development of the forelimbs' small bones in mice.
d. Gene G is normally only present in the forelimb cells of developing mice. 18. Which scientists offered the first compelling experimental evidence that genes are made of
e. Gene G is normally only transcribed in the forelimb cells of developing mice. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
ANSWER: c a. Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
b. John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka
13. Who originated the one-gene–one-enzyme hypothesis? c. François Jacob and Jacques Monod
a. Tatum and Beadle d. James Watson and Francis Crick
b. Gregor Mendel e. Barbara McClintock and Erwin Chargoff
c. Watson and Crick ANSWER: a
d. Franklin and Wilkins
e. Hershey and Chase 19. The Central Dogma describes
ANSWER: a a. the hypothesis of how DNA is packaged into small molecules.
b. the process by which RNA is processed within a cell.
14. What are alleles? c. the flow of genetic information within cells from DNA to RNA to protein.
a. gene variants d. how model organisms are used in experiments.
b. enzymes e. the method of gene transfer between organisms.
c. regulatory elements ANSWER: c
d. de novo mutations
e. quantitative trait loci 20. The process of inserting foreign DNA molecules into the genomes of a recipient organism is called
ANSWER: a a. replication.
b. transformation.
15. Which enzyme cuts DNA at a specific location? c. transcription.
a. polymerase d. translation.
b. ligase e. ligation.
c. nuclease ANSWER: b
d. allele
e. ribosome 21. Adenine and thymine are held together by two hydrogen bonds, while guanine and cytosine are held
ANSWER: c together by three hydrogen bonds. If you were to slowly heat a piece of DNA rich in GC base pairs—in order to
denature it—would you expect the melting temperature to be higher or lower than a piece of DNA rich in AT
16. Which type of mutation is a unique DNA variant that exists in a child but in neither of its parents? base pairs?
a. point mutation ANSWER: The melting temperature would be higher for DNA rich in GC, owing to the three hydrogen bonds
that must be broken in order for it to denature.
b. de novo mutation
3|Page 4|Page
, Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021) Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021)
22. Arabidopsis thaliana is a diploid plant model organism with 2n = 10. Chapter 02: Single Gene Inheritance
a) How many copies of each gene does each Arabidopsis thaliana cell have?
b) How many sets of chromosomes does the nucleus of an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell contain? 1. If a plant of genotype A/a is selfed, and numerous offspring are scored, what proportion of the progeny is
c) How many pairs of homologous chromosomes does the nucleus of an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell contain? expected to have homozygous genotypes?
ANSWER: a) two b) two c) five a. 0
b. 25%
23. Explain what it means to say that the genetic code is redundant. How does this redundancy help protect c. 50%
against mutations?
d. 75%
ANSWER: The genetic code is redundant because some of the amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet
(codon). This protects against the effects of mutation since a change in the nucleotide base may not e. 100%
cause a different amino acid to be inserted. ANSWER: c
24. Mutations are often viewed as negative events, and they are nearly always bad for an organism. 2. What is the maximum number of heterozygous genotypes that could be produced by monohybrid self?
Paradoxically, without mutations there would be no evolution, and so they are essential. Explain how this is so. a. 1
ANSWER: Variation is introduced. So even though mutations are often viewed as negative events, all variation b. 2
that we see around us originally came from mutations. c. 3
d. 4
25. Describe the purpose and function of DNA polymerase, nuclease, and ligase.
ANSWER: DNA polymerase, nuclease, and ligase are tools for characterizing and manipulating DNA, RNA, e. 6
and proteins. They each have a different function. DNA polymerase copies DNA, nucleases cut ANSWER: a
DNA molecules in specific locations or degrade an entire DNA molecule into single nucleotides,
and ligases join two DNA molecules. 3. A plant is heterozygous at three loci. How many different gamete genotypes can it theoretically produce with
respect to these three loci?
26. Why does the age of the father matter, while that of the mother seems to have no effect on the frequency of a. 2
new point mutations? b. 3
ANSWER: Eggs are made prior to a woman's birth, while sperm production occurs throughout a man's life. c. 4
From the point of conception until formation of egg cells, there are about 23 rounds of cell division
d. 8
and DNA replication. Because egg formation occurs prior to birth, as a woman ages there is no
chance for additional point mutations. By comparison, the cell divisions that produce sperm e. 16
continue throughout a man's life and with each cell division there is greater risk of introducing new ANSWER: d
point mutations.
4. In mountain rabbits, the EL-1 gene is located on chromosome 3. Four alleles of this gene have been identified
in the population. With respect to EL-1, what is the maximum number of genotypes in the progeny of a
SINGLE CROSS between two mountain rabbits?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 6
ANSWER: d
5. A wild-type strain of haploid yeast is crossed to a mutant strain with phenotype d. What phenotypic ratios
will be observed in the progeny?
a. All wild type
b. 75% wild type and 25% mutant (d)
c. 50% wild type and 50% mutant (d)
d. 25% wild type and 75% mutant (d)
5|Page 6|Page
Chapter 01 The Genetics Revolution 1
Chapter 02 Single Gene Inheritance 6
ntroduction to Genetic Analysis Anthony J.F. Griffiths, John
TEST BANK I
Chapter 03 Independent Assortment of Genes 26
Doebley, Catherine Peichel, and David A. Wassarman 12th Edition
Chapter 04 Mapping Eukaryote Chromosomes by Recombination 43
Chapter 05 Gene Interaction 63
Chapter 06 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses 84
Chapter 07 DNA Structure and Replication 104
12th Edition
Chapter 08 RNA Transcription Processing and Decay 117
Chapter 09 Proteins and Their Synthesis 130
Chapter 10 Gene Isolation and Manipulation 141
Chapter 11 Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Their Viruses 160
Chapter 12 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 175
Chapter 13 The Genetic Control of Development 184
Chapter 14 Genomes and Genomics 192
Chapter 15 DNA Damage Repair and Recombination 197
Chapter 16 The Dynamic Genome Transposable Elements 216
Chapter 17 Large Scale Chromosomal Changes 225
Chapter 18 Population Genetics 243
Chapter 19 The Inheritance of Complex Traits 258
Chapter 20 Evolution of Genes and Traits 270
, Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021) Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021)
Chapter 01: The Genetics Revolution 6. Wild cats (Felis silvestris) and common mice (Mus musculus) are diploid. In wild cats, 2n = 38, while in
common mice, 2n = 40. Based on this information, we can conclude that wild-cat cells have
1. The early 1900s was an important period for genetics due to which of the following major events?
a. less DNA than common-mouse cells.
a. the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's scientific findings
b. smaller genomes than common-mouse cells.
b. Watson and Crick solving the structure of DNA
c. fewer DNA molecules than common-mouse cells.
c. Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri hypothesizing that chromosomes are the hereditary elements
d. fewer genes than common-mouse cells.
d. the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's scientific findings and Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri
e. fewer sets of chromosomes than common-mouse cells.
hypothesizing that chromosomes are the hereditary elements
ANSWER: c
e. All of the answer options are correct.
ANSWER: e 7. Which of the following is a component of DNA?
a. alanine
2. A sample of normal double-stranded DNA was found to have a guanine content of 18%. What is the expected
proportion of adenine? b. arginine
a. 9% c. cysteine
b. 32% d. guanine
c. 36% e. tyrosine
d. 68% ANSWER: d
e. 82%
8. Which of the following is/are TRUE of the DNA structure solved by Watson and Crick?
ANSWER: b
a. It is a double-helical structure.
3. In one strand of DNA, the nucleotide sequence is 5'-ATGC-3'. The complementary sequence in the other b. Sugar–phosphate backbone is always toward the outside of the DNA.
strand must be c. There are two hydrogen bonds between A and T and three hydrogen bonds between C and G.
a. 3'-ATGC-5'. d. There are four types of nitrogenous bases.
b. 3'-TACG-5'. e. All of the answer options are correct.
c. 5'-ATCG-3'. ANSWER: e
d. 5'-CGTA-3'.
e. 5'-TACG-3'. 9. Which of the following is a CORRECT representation of the central dogma?
a. RNA → DNA → protein
ANSWER: b
b. protein → DNA → RNA
4. How many different DNA molecules that are eight-nucleotide-pairs long are theoretically possible? c. DNA → RNA → protein
a. 24 d. DNA → protein → DNA
b. 32 e. None of the answer options is correct.
c. 64 ANSWER: c
d. 256
e. 65,536 10. You have come across a dog (named Cindy) that does not have a tail. Interestingly, all the puppies produced
by this dog don't have a tail. If the lack of tail is caused by a genetic mutation, where has this mutation most
ANSWER: e likely taken place?
a. in Cindy's gametes
5. Which of the following is/are TRUE about genes?
b. in the cells that should normally have given rise to Cindy's tail
a. Genes are located on chromosomes.
c. in the cells that should normally have given rise to Cindy's and her puppies' tails
b. Genes come in variants known as alleles.
d. in all of Cindy's cells (including her gametes)
c. Genes usually encode protein products.
e. in a gamete of one of Cindy's parents
d. All of the answer options are correct.
ANSWER: a
e. None of the answer options is correct.
ANSWER: d 11. Which of the following features makes a species suitable as a model organism?
1|Page 2|Page
, Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021) Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021)
a. small organism c. quantitative trait locus
b. short generation time d. single nucleotide polymorphism
c. small genome e. dominant allele
d. produce large number of offspring ANSWER: b
e. All of the answer options are correct.
ANSWER: e 17. Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?
a. polymerase
12. Using molecular techniques, researchers have knocked out both copies of gene G in a series of genetically b. ligase
identical mouse embryos. These mice develop normally, except for their forelimbs, which are missing several c. nuclease
small bones. What can be concluded from the results of this experiment? d. allele
a. Gene G encodes a protein that is a crucial component of the forelimbs' small bones in mice. e. ribosome
b. Gene G encodes a protein that is normally only present in the forelimb cells of developing mice. ANSWER: a
c. Gene G is necessary for proper development of the forelimbs' small bones in mice.
d. Gene G is normally only present in the forelimb cells of developing mice. 18. Which scientists offered the first compelling experimental evidence that genes are made of
e. Gene G is normally only transcribed in the forelimb cells of developing mice. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
ANSWER: c a. Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
b. John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka
13. Who originated the one-gene–one-enzyme hypothesis? c. François Jacob and Jacques Monod
a. Tatum and Beadle d. James Watson and Francis Crick
b. Gregor Mendel e. Barbara McClintock and Erwin Chargoff
c. Watson and Crick ANSWER: a
d. Franklin and Wilkins
e. Hershey and Chase 19. The Central Dogma describes
ANSWER: a a. the hypothesis of how DNA is packaged into small molecules.
b. the process by which RNA is processed within a cell.
14. What are alleles? c. the flow of genetic information within cells from DNA to RNA to protein.
a. gene variants d. how model organisms are used in experiments.
b. enzymes e. the method of gene transfer between organisms.
c. regulatory elements ANSWER: c
d. de novo mutations
e. quantitative trait loci 20. The process of inserting foreign DNA molecules into the genomes of a recipient organism is called
ANSWER: a a. replication.
b. transformation.
15. Which enzyme cuts DNA at a specific location? c. transcription.
a. polymerase d. translation.
b. ligase e. ligation.
c. nuclease ANSWER: b
d. allele
e. ribosome 21. Adenine and thymine are held together by two hydrogen bonds, while guanine and cytosine are held
ANSWER: c together by three hydrogen bonds. If you were to slowly heat a piece of DNA rich in GC base pairs—in order to
denature it—would you expect the melting temperature to be higher or lower than a piece of DNA rich in AT
16. Which type of mutation is a unique DNA variant that exists in a child but in neither of its parents? base pairs?
a. point mutation ANSWER: The melting temperature would be higher for DNA rich in GC, owing to the three hydrogen bonds
that must be broken in order for it to denature.
b. de novo mutation
3|Page 4|Page
, Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021) Test Bank - Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 12th Edition (Griffiths, 2021)
22. Arabidopsis thaliana is a diploid plant model organism with 2n = 10. Chapter 02: Single Gene Inheritance
a) How many copies of each gene does each Arabidopsis thaliana cell have?
b) How many sets of chromosomes does the nucleus of an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell contain? 1. If a plant of genotype A/a is selfed, and numerous offspring are scored, what proportion of the progeny is
c) How many pairs of homologous chromosomes does the nucleus of an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cell contain? expected to have homozygous genotypes?
ANSWER: a) two b) two c) five a. 0
b. 25%
23. Explain what it means to say that the genetic code is redundant. How does this redundancy help protect c. 50%
against mutations?
d. 75%
ANSWER: The genetic code is redundant because some of the amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet
(codon). This protects against the effects of mutation since a change in the nucleotide base may not e. 100%
cause a different amino acid to be inserted. ANSWER: c
24. Mutations are often viewed as negative events, and they are nearly always bad for an organism. 2. What is the maximum number of heterozygous genotypes that could be produced by monohybrid self?
Paradoxically, without mutations there would be no evolution, and so they are essential. Explain how this is so. a. 1
ANSWER: Variation is introduced. So even though mutations are often viewed as negative events, all variation b. 2
that we see around us originally came from mutations. c. 3
d. 4
25. Describe the purpose and function of DNA polymerase, nuclease, and ligase.
ANSWER: DNA polymerase, nuclease, and ligase are tools for characterizing and manipulating DNA, RNA, e. 6
and proteins. They each have a different function. DNA polymerase copies DNA, nucleases cut ANSWER: a
DNA molecules in specific locations or degrade an entire DNA molecule into single nucleotides,
and ligases join two DNA molecules. 3. A plant is heterozygous at three loci. How many different gamete genotypes can it theoretically produce with
respect to these three loci?
26. Why does the age of the father matter, while that of the mother seems to have no effect on the frequency of a. 2
new point mutations? b. 3
ANSWER: Eggs are made prior to a woman's birth, while sperm production occurs throughout a man's life. c. 4
From the point of conception until formation of egg cells, there are about 23 rounds of cell division
d. 8
and DNA replication. Because egg formation occurs prior to birth, as a woman ages there is no
chance for additional point mutations. By comparison, the cell divisions that produce sperm e. 16
continue throughout a man's life and with each cell division there is greater risk of introducing new ANSWER: d
point mutations.
4. In mountain rabbits, the EL-1 gene is located on chromosome 3. Four alleles of this gene have been identified
in the population. With respect to EL-1, what is the maximum number of genotypes in the progeny of a
SINGLE CROSS between two mountain rabbits?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 6
ANSWER: d
5. A wild-type strain of haploid yeast is crossed to a mutant strain with phenotype d. What phenotypic ratios
will be observed in the progeny?
a. All wild type
b. 75% wild type and 25% mutant (d)
c. 50% wild type and 50% mutant (d)
d. 25% wild type and 75% mutant (d)
5|Page 6|Page
