EMS 1055 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
How to read blood pressure - ANS Top number: systolic pressure (heart's ventricles contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
carotid pulse - ANS the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck.
Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
femoral pulse - ANS Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood pressure is at
least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse - ANS the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse - ANS the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse - ANS The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is at least
90-100 systolic
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,types of shock - ANS cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic,
obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
shock - ANS lack of perfusion at the cellular level
general signs and symptoms of shock - ANS -skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
general treatment in shock - ANS -high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
cardiogenic shock - ANS -most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, cardiogenic shock treatment - ANS -standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
neurogenic shock - ANS Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the
size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord
injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
septic shock - ANS Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
How to read blood pressure - ANS Top number: systolic pressure (heart's ventricles contract)
Bottom number: diastolic pressure (heart's ventricles are relaxed)
carotid pulse - ANS the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck.
Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
femoral pulse - ANS Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood pressure is at
least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse - ANS the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse - ANS the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse - ANS The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is at least
90-100 systolic
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,types of shock - ANS cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, anaphylactic, hypovelimic,
obstructive(mechanical), insulin (pseudo)
shock - ANS lack of perfusion at the cellular level
general signs and symptoms of shock - ANS -skin:pale, cool, diaphoretic
-anxiety
-impending doom
-altered LOC
-dilated pupils
-sustained tachycardia
-tachypnea
-decreased urine output
-thirst
-delayed capillary refill
general treatment in shock - ANS -high flow oxygen
-trendelenberg position
-keep warm
-load and go transport
cardiogenic shock - ANS -most commingly caused by AMI
-other causes: Myocarditis, myocardial contusion
-"pump problem"
-decreased CO leads to hyperfusion
-heart begins to fail
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, cardiogenic shock treatment - ANS -standard shock treatment applies
-patient may not tolerate supine or trendelenberg position
-transport to cardiac facility critical
neurogenic shock - ANS Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the
size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord
injuries.
-caused by-
-spinal cord injury above T6
-spinal anesthesia
-vasomotor center depression
-may take hours to appear
*symptoms*
-skin warm and dry
-bradycardia
-poikilothermia
septic shock - ANS Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.
-distributive type of shock
-due to infection that becomes systemic
-very common in icu setting
-patients often febrile
-antibiotics are needed to treat infection
-more gradual onset starting with SIRS
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
