LEADERSHIP ROLES AND MANAGEMENT
FUNCTIONS IN NURSING COMPREHENSIVE
TEST PAPER 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
◉ Transformational leader. Answer: -Identifies common values
-Is a caretaker
-Inspires others with vision
-Has long-term vision
-Looks at effects
-Empowers others
◉ Ethics # 1. Answer: The systematic study of what a person's
conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human
beings, and the environment
The justification of what is right or good and the study of what a
person's life and relationships should be, not necessarily what they
are
◉ Ethics # 2. Answer: Nurses are often placed in situations where
they are expected to be agents for patients, physicians, and the
organization simultaneously, all of which may have conflicting needs,
wants, and goals.
,◉ Ethics # 3. Answer: The way a person approaches and solves
ethical dilemmas is influenced by his or her values and basic beliefs
about the rights, duties, and goals of all human being
◉ Moral indifference. Answer: an individual questions why morality
in practice is even necessary
◉ moral uncertainty. Answer: an individual is unsure which moral
principles or values apply and may even include uncertainty as to
what the moral problem is
◉ Moral distress. Answer: occurs when the individual knows the
right thing to do but organizational constraints make it difficult to
take the right course of action
◉ Two common approaches to ethical decision making. Answer:
Deontological: normative approach centered on rules from which all
action is derived.
Teleological: outcome focused approach that places emphasis on
results and protects the interests of the majority
◉ Frameworks for ethical decision making. Answer: 1.Utilitarianism
, ( whats the best for the good of everyone)
2.Duty-based reasoning( people have a duty to act accordingly,
regardless of the good or bad consequences that may be produced)
3.Rights-based reasoning ( whats the right thing to do for the pt)
4.Intuitionism
(mandates from the medical center)
◉ principles of ethical decision making. Answer: 1.Autonomy
2.Beneficence
3.Paternalism
4.Utility
5.Justice
6.Truth telling (veracity)
7.Fidelity
8.Confidentiality
◉ Autonomy. Answer: Promotes self-determination/freedom of
choice
FUNCTIONS IN NURSING COMPREHENSIVE
TEST PAPER 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
◉ Transformational leader. Answer: -Identifies common values
-Is a caretaker
-Inspires others with vision
-Has long-term vision
-Looks at effects
-Empowers others
◉ Ethics # 1. Answer: The systematic study of what a person's
conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other human
beings, and the environment
The justification of what is right or good and the study of what a
person's life and relationships should be, not necessarily what they
are
◉ Ethics # 2. Answer: Nurses are often placed in situations where
they are expected to be agents for patients, physicians, and the
organization simultaneously, all of which may have conflicting needs,
wants, and goals.
,◉ Ethics # 3. Answer: The way a person approaches and solves
ethical dilemmas is influenced by his or her values and basic beliefs
about the rights, duties, and goals of all human being
◉ Moral indifference. Answer: an individual questions why morality
in practice is even necessary
◉ moral uncertainty. Answer: an individual is unsure which moral
principles or values apply and may even include uncertainty as to
what the moral problem is
◉ Moral distress. Answer: occurs when the individual knows the
right thing to do but organizational constraints make it difficult to
take the right course of action
◉ Two common approaches to ethical decision making. Answer:
Deontological: normative approach centered on rules from which all
action is derived.
Teleological: outcome focused approach that places emphasis on
results and protects the interests of the majority
◉ Frameworks for ethical decision making. Answer: 1.Utilitarianism
, ( whats the best for the good of everyone)
2.Duty-based reasoning( people have a duty to act accordingly,
regardless of the good or bad consequences that may be produced)
3.Rights-based reasoning ( whats the right thing to do for the pt)
4.Intuitionism
(mandates from the medical center)
◉ principles of ethical decision making. Answer: 1.Autonomy
2.Beneficence
3.Paternalism
4.Utility
5.Justice
6.Truth telling (veracity)
7.Fidelity
8.Confidentiality
◉ Autonomy. Answer: Promotes self-determination/freedom of
choice
