SOCIOLOGY 111 UPDATED EXAMS SCRIPT QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Secondary Sector Production - ✔✔the processing of raw materials into finished
goods.
✔✔Tertiary Sector Production - ✔✔the provision of services rather than goods.
✔✔Capitalism - ✔✔An economic system characterized by private ownership of the
means of production, from which personal profits can be derived through market
competition and without government intervention.
-private ownership of the means of production
-pursuit of personal profit
-competition
-lack of government intervention
✔✔Corporations - ✔✔large-scale organizations that have legal powers, such as the
ability to enter into contracts and buy and sell property, separate from their individual
owners.
✔✔Transnational Corporations - ✔✔large corporations that are headquartered in one
country but sell and produce goods and services in many countries.
✔✔Oligopoly - ✔✔a condition existing when several companies overwhelmingly control
an entire industry
✔✔Monopoly - ✔✔exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or
a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices.
✔✔Shared Monopoly - ✔✔When four or fewer companies supply 50% or more of a
particular market.
✔✔Conglomerate - ✔✔a combination of businesses in different commercial areas, all of
which are owned by one holding company
✔✔Socialism - ✔✔an economic system characterized by public ownership of the means
of production, the pursuit of collective goals, and centralized decision making.
✔✔Characteristics of Professions - ✔✔1.Abstract, specialized knowledge of their field
based on formal education.
2.Autonomy: They can rely on their own judgment for dealing with a problem.
3.Self-regulation.
4.Authority: Professionals expect compliance with their directions and advice
5.Altruism: Implies some degree of self-sacrifice to help a patient or client.
, ✔✔Contingent Work - ✔✔part time work, temporary work, or subcontracted work that
offers advantages to employers but that can be detrimental to the welfare of workers.
✔✔Underground Economy - ✔✔Made up of a wide variety of activities through which
people make money that they do not report to the government, and in some cases, their
endeavors may involve criminal behaviors.
✔✔Cyclical Unemployment - ✔✔occurs as a result of lower rates of production during
recessions in the business cycle. (temporary)
✔✔Seasonal Unemployment - ✔✔from shifts in demand for workers based on
conditions such as weather. (temporary)
✔✔Structural Unemployment - ✔✔arises because the skills demanded by employers do
not match the skills of the unemployment or because the unemployment do not live
where the jobs are located. (can be permanent)
✔✔Absenteeism - ✔✔means by which workers resist working conditions they consider
to be oppressive
✔✔Health - ✔✔a state of being complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
✔✔Health Care - ✔✔any activity intended to improve health.
✔✔Medicine - ✔✔an institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of illness.
✔✔Life Expectancy - ✔✔an estimate of the average life-time of people born in a specific
year.
✔✔Infant Mortality - ✔✔The number of deaths of infants under 1 years of age per 1,000
live births in a given year.
✔✔Social Epidemiology - ✔✔The study of the causes and distribution of health,
disease, and impairment throughout a population
✔✔Chronic Disease - ✔✔Illnesses that are long term or lifelong and that develop
gradually or are present from birth.
✔✔Acute Disease - ✔✔Illnesses that strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation
and sometimes death.
✔✔Drug - ✔✔any substance-other than food and water-that, when taken into the body,
alters its functioning in some way.
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Secondary Sector Production - ✔✔the processing of raw materials into finished
goods.
✔✔Tertiary Sector Production - ✔✔the provision of services rather than goods.
✔✔Capitalism - ✔✔An economic system characterized by private ownership of the
means of production, from which personal profits can be derived through market
competition and without government intervention.
-private ownership of the means of production
-pursuit of personal profit
-competition
-lack of government intervention
✔✔Corporations - ✔✔large-scale organizations that have legal powers, such as the
ability to enter into contracts and buy and sell property, separate from their individual
owners.
✔✔Transnational Corporations - ✔✔large corporations that are headquartered in one
country but sell and produce goods and services in many countries.
✔✔Oligopoly - ✔✔a condition existing when several companies overwhelmingly control
an entire industry
✔✔Monopoly - ✔✔exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or
a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices.
✔✔Shared Monopoly - ✔✔When four or fewer companies supply 50% or more of a
particular market.
✔✔Conglomerate - ✔✔a combination of businesses in different commercial areas, all of
which are owned by one holding company
✔✔Socialism - ✔✔an economic system characterized by public ownership of the means
of production, the pursuit of collective goals, and centralized decision making.
✔✔Characteristics of Professions - ✔✔1.Abstract, specialized knowledge of their field
based on formal education.
2.Autonomy: They can rely on their own judgment for dealing with a problem.
3.Self-regulation.
4.Authority: Professionals expect compliance with their directions and advice
5.Altruism: Implies some degree of self-sacrifice to help a patient or client.
, ✔✔Contingent Work - ✔✔part time work, temporary work, or subcontracted work that
offers advantages to employers but that can be detrimental to the welfare of workers.
✔✔Underground Economy - ✔✔Made up of a wide variety of activities through which
people make money that they do not report to the government, and in some cases, their
endeavors may involve criminal behaviors.
✔✔Cyclical Unemployment - ✔✔occurs as a result of lower rates of production during
recessions in the business cycle. (temporary)
✔✔Seasonal Unemployment - ✔✔from shifts in demand for workers based on
conditions such as weather. (temporary)
✔✔Structural Unemployment - ✔✔arises because the skills demanded by employers do
not match the skills of the unemployment or because the unemployment do not live
where the jobs are located. (can be permanent)
✔✔Absenteeism - ✔✔means by which workers resist working conditions they consider
to be oppressive
✔✔Health - ✔✔a state of being complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
✔✔Health Care - ✔✔any activity intended to improve health.
✔✔Medicine - ✔✔an institutionalized system for the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of illness.
✔✔Life Expectancy - ✔✔an estimate of the average life-time of people born in a specific
year.
✔✔Infant Mortality - ✔✔The number of deaths of infants under 1 years of age per 1,000
live births in a given year.
✔✔Social Epidemiology - ✔✔The study of the causes and distribution of health,
disease, and impairment throughout a population
✔✔Chronic Disease - ✔✔Illnesses that are long term or lifelong and that develop
gradually or are present from birth.
✔✔Acute Disease - ✔✔Illnesses that strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation
and sometimes death.
✔✔Drug - ✔✔any substance-other than food and water-that, when taken into the body,
alters its functioning in some way.
