Anatomy and Physiology I (Test #1)
questions with complete solutions
2025/2026
Cell - ANS ✔✔Basic structural and functional unit of the body.
Levels of the body - ANS ✔✔Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level,
organism level.
Basic life processes - ANS ✔✔A set of processes all organisms must do to live.
Metabolism - ANS ✔✔Sum total of all chemical reactions in the body. A "basic life process."
Anabolism - ANS ✔✔The phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into
the complex materials of living tissue. Building upward.
Catabolism - ANS ✔✔The process of breaking things down.
Responsiveness - ANS ✔✔React to a stimulus/change in environment. A "basic life process."
Growth/maturation - ANS ✔✔An increase in size and in chance of survival. We must get
smarter, learn what is helpful and harmful. A "basic life process."
Movement - ANS ✔✔Locomotion, transportation. Can include the pulsing of the heart, blood
flowing, air moving in and out of lungs... A "basic life process."
, Differentiation - ANS ✔✔Starts in the womb; cells change shape and function to form skin,
organs, etc. (Ex. We start as one cell, a fertilized egg, then grow to trillions of cells.) Cells are
replaced and formed. A "basic life process."
Reproduction - ANS ✔✔Form one: reproduction of cells. Form two: reproduction of organisms
(i.e. kids). A "basic life process."
Homeostasis - ANS ✔✔Maintaining a constant and optimal internal environment.
Internal environment - ANS ✔✔Body fluids.
Feedback loops/circuit - ANS ✔✔Mechanism used to detect when something in the
environment changes.
Negative feedback loop/circuit - ANS ✔✔The body's response is in direct opposition to the
stimulus. (Ex. Stimulus causes rise in blood pressure, negative feedback circuit makes it go back
down.)
Positive feedback loop/circuit - ANS ✔✔The body's response adds to the stimulus, makes it
stronger. (Two primary examples are birth and clotting.)
Physical characteristics of a fluid - ANS ✔✔Volume, color, pressure.
Chemical characteristics of a fluid - ANS ✔✔How much sodium, etc.
Parts of a feedback loop/circuit - ANS ✔✔1. Receptor, detects stimulus; 2. Control center,
performs basic analysis and communicates with receptor; 3. Effector, carries out correction,
communicates with the brain. (Ex. There's a sudden change in temperature, so the brain, unable
to do anything directly, alerts sweat glands.)
questions with complete solutions
2025/2026
Cell - ANS ✔✔Basic structural and functional unit of the body.
Levels of the body - ANS ✔✔Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level,
organism level.
Basic life processes - ANS ✔✔A set of processes all organisms must do to live.
Metabolism - ANS ✔✔Sum total of all chemical reactions in the body. A "basic life process."
Anabolism - ANS ✔✔The phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into
the complex materials of living tissue. Building upward.
Catabolism - ANS ✔✔The process of breaking things down.
Responsiveness - ANS ✔✔React to a stimulus/change in environment. A "basic life process."
Growth/maturation - ANS ✔✔An increase in size and in chance of survival. We must get
smarter, learn what is helpful and harmful. A "basic life process."
Movement - ANS ✔✔Locomotion, transportation. Can include the pulsing of the heart, blood
flowing, air moving in and out of lungs... A "basic life process."
, Differentiation - ANS ✔✔Starts in the womb; cells change shape and function to form skin,
organs, etc. (Ex. We start as one cell, a fertilized egg, then grow to trillions of cells.) Cells are
replaced and formed. A "basic life process."
Reproduction - ANS ✔✔Form one: reproduction of cells. Form two: reproduction of organisms
(i.e. kids). A "basic life process."
Homeostasis - ANS ✔✔Maintaining a constant and optimal internal environment.
Internal environment - ANS ✔✔Body fluids.
Feedback loops/circuit - ANS ✔✔Mechanism used to detect when something in the
environment changes.
Negative feedback loop/circuit - ANS ✔✔The body's response is in direct opposition to the
stimulus. (Ex. Stimulus causes rise in blood pressure, negative feedback circuit makes it go back
down.)
Positive feedback loop/circuit - ANS ✔✔The body's response adds to the stimulus, makes it
stronger. (Two primary examples are birth and clotting.)
Physical characteristics of a fluid - ANS ✔✔Volume, color, pressure.
Chemical characteristics of a fluid - ANS ✔✔How much sodium, etc.
Parts of a feedback loop/circuit - ANS ✔✔1. Receptor, detects stimulus; 2. Control center,
performs basic analysis and communicates with receptor; 3. Effector, carries out correction,
communicates with the brain. (Ex. There's a sudden change in temperature, so the brain, unable
to do anything directly, alerts sweat glands.)
