MCAT BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1 | CELL STRUCTURE
& FUNCTION
Robert Hooke - answer ✔✔-Created the first microscope to visualize cells
Also, Hooke's Law (F=-kx)
Cell Theory - answer ✔✔-1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
More Recent Addition:
4. Cells carry genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This genetic material is
passed on from parent to daughter cell.
serial endosymbiosis theory - answer ✔✔-attempts to explain the formation of some of the membrane
bound organelles
posits that these organelles formed by engulfing of one prokaryote by another and the establishment of
a symbiotic relationship between the two
in addition to mitochondria, chloroplasts in plant cells and organelles of motility (flagella) are believed to
have evolved through this process
Cilia - answer ✔✔-Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for
locomotion
eukaryotic have a 9+2 Structure
, Flagella - answer ✔✔-structures involved in the movement of the cell
eukaryotic have a 9+2 Structure
9+2 structure of cilia and flagella - answer ✔✔-Eukaryotic cilia and flagella have 9 pairs of microtubules
creating an outer ring which surrounds two microtubules in the center
Centrioles - answer ✔✔-Structures located in the centrosome
organizing centers for microtubules
nine triplets of microtubules surrounding a hollow core
Nucleus - answer ✔✔-Stores genetic information
Site of transcription
Mitochondria - answer ✔✔-Involved in ATP production and apoptosis
Lysosomes - answer ✔✔-break down cellular waste products and endocytosed molecules
also involved in apoptosis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - answer ✔✔-lipid synthesis
detoxification
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - answer ✔✔-synthesizes proteins
Golgi apparatus - answer ✔✔-Packages, modifies, and distributes cellular products
Peroxisomes - answer ✔✔-break down fatty acids
synthesize lipids
& FUNCTION
Robert Hooke - answer ✔✔-Created the first microscope to visualize cells
Also, Hooke's Law (F=-kx)
Cell Theory - answer ✔✔-1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. New cells are produced from existing cells
More Recent Addition:
4. Cells carry genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This genetic material is
passed on from parent to daughter cell.
serial endosymbiosis theory - answer ✔✔-attempts to explain the formation of some of the membrane
bound organelles
posits that these organelles formed by engulfing of one prokaryote by another and the establishment of
a symbiotic relationship between the two
in addition to mitochondria, chloroplasts in plant cells and organelles of motility (flagella) are believed to
have evolved through this process
Cilia - answer ✔✔-Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for
locomotion
eukaryotic have a 9+2 Structure
, Flagella - answer ✔✔-structures involved in the movement of the cell
eukaryotic have a 9+2 Structure
9+2 structure of cilia and flagella - answer ✔✔-Eukaryotic cilia and flagella have 9 pairs of microtubules
creating an outer ring which surrounds two microtubules in the center
Centrioles - answer ✔✔-Structures located in the centrosome
organizing centers for microtubules
nine triplets of microtubules surrounding a hollow core
Nucleus - answer ✔✔-Stores genetic information
Site of transcription
Mitochondria - answer ✔✔-Involved in ATP production and apoptosis
Lysosomes - answer ✔✔-break down cellular waste products and endocytosed molecules
also involved in apoptosis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - answer ✔✔-lipid synthesis
detoxification
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - answer ✔✔-synthesizes proteins
Golgi apparatus - answer ✔✔-Packages, modifies, and distributes cellular products
Peroxisomes - answer ✔✔-break down fatty acids
synthesize lipids
