FOR MORE EXAMS
EMAIL:
CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY NR 283
FINAL EXAM LATEST UPDATED VERSION
WITH EXPERT CURATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Chapter 60- Spinal Cord Injury
Incomplete partial will not be in the test
Types: Primary and secondary
Primary: It’s the actual injury like twisting od the spinal cord, broken bones, or a complete
injury.
Secondary: Anything that happens afterwards like spinal shock. It is going to be the
inflammation, the edema, and electrolytes imbalances, all of the problems that happen
afterwards.
Classified:
o Mechanism of Injury (MOI) o
Level of Injury (LOI) o Degree
of Injury
, sensory and motor below LOI
Syndrome
Syndrome (half of th
Injury
C1-T1: Tetraplegia/ quadriplegia
All 4 extremities will have serious problems.
<T2: Paraplegic
Both lower extremities involved
Incomplete Injuries
Conus medullaris
Damage to lumbar nerve roots L1-L2
Symmetric, abnormal motor function in legs (weak, flaccid. Or paralyzed)
Areflexic(flaccid) bowel and bladder/ incompetence(men)
, FOR MORE EXAMS
EMAIL:
Cauda Equina o Damage to L2
to the sacrum
Asymmetric distal weakness, patchy sensation lower extremities
Flaccid paralysis of lower extremities
Loss of sensation between legs and the buttocks inner thighs, and backs of legs
Areflexic (flaccid) bladder and bowel
Spinal Shock
Spinal cord in Shock – Any part of the spinal cord. o
May occur shortly after acute Spinal cord Injury o
Tissue damage, hypoxia, ischemia=inflammation!
o Temporary loss of voluntary and reflexive activity, and sensation below LOI; flaccid
Low extremities.
S/S
Bradycardia, BP variable, followed by hypotension,
hypothermia. o May have anhidrosis (absent of sweating) o
Can last days to weeks/months
Neurogenic Shock (only shock that has brady)
Happens in spinal cord injury above T6 o Disruption in the communication between spinal
cord and brain- loss of SNS stimulation, with only PNS effects.
S/S o Severe hypotension, bradycardia
o Thermal regulation problems (poikilothermic), hypothermia
o Warm, dry, flushed skin (blood vessels dilated) o Can last
days to weeks.
** Poikilothermic= Patients take the temperature of the environment we have to keep them
warm.
Spinal Cord Injury- Manifestations
Respiratory o Above C4: Total loss of respiratory muscle function. o
Below C4: Diaphragmatic breathing—respiratory insufficiency
o Cervical & thoracic injuries: Paralysis of abdominal and intercostal muscles =
ineffective cough- risk for aspiration, atelectasis, pneumonia o Keep SP02~92%
Cardiac o Injury above T6 leads to dysfunction of SNS o ** Any injury above T6 people
can have autonomic dysreflexia or hyperreflexia o Leads to neurogenic shock—
bradycardia/peripheral vasodilation/hypotension. Urinary o Neurogenic bladder:
abnormal or absent bladder innervation (have to get cath)
No detrusor activity – flaccid/ hypotonic
EMAIL:
CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY NR 283
FINAL EXAM LATEST UPDATED VERSION
WITH EXPERT CURATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Chapter 60- Spinal Cord Injury
Incomplete partial will not be in the test
Types: Primary and secondary
Primary: It’s the actual injury like twisting od the spinal cord, broken bones, or a complete
injury.
Secondary: Anything that happens afterwards like spinal shock. It is going to be the
inflammation, the edema, and electrolytes imbalances, all of the problems that happen
afterwards.
Classified:
o Mechanism of Injury (MOI) o
Level of Injury (LOI) o Degree
of Injury
, sensory and motor below LOI
Syndrome
Syndrome (half of th
Injury
C1-T1: Tetraplegia/ quadriplegia
All 4 extremities will have serious problems.
<T2: Paraplegic
Both lower extremities involved
Incomplete Injuries
Conus medullaris
Damage to lumbar nerve roots L1-L2
Symmetric, abnormal motor function in legs (weak, flaccid. Or paralyzed)
Areflexic(flaccid) bowel and bladder/ incompetence(men)
, FOR MORE EXAMS
EMAIL:
Cauda Equina o Damage to L2
to the sacrum
Asymmetric distal weakness, patchy sensation lower extremities
Flaccid paralysis of lower extremities
Loss of sensation between legs and the buttocks inner thighs, and backs of legs
Areflexic (flaccid) bladder and bowel
Spinal Shock
Spinal cord in Shock – Any part of the spinal cord. o
May occur shortly after acute Spinal cord Injury o
Tissue damage, hypoxia, ischemia=inflammation!
o Temporary loss of voluntary and reflexive activity, and sensation below LOI; flaccid
Low extremities.
S/S
Bradycardia, BP variable, followed by hypotension,
hypothermia. o May have anhidrosis (absent of sweating) o
Can last days to weeks/months
Neurogenic Shock (only shock that has brady)
Happens in spinal cord injury above T6 o Disruption in the communication between spinal
cord and brain- loss of SNS stimulation, with only PNS effects.
S/S o Severe hypotension, bradycardia
o Thermal regulation problems (poikilothermic), hypothermia
o Warm, dry, flushed skin (blood vessels dilated) o Can last
days to weeks.
** Poikilothermic= Patients take the temperature of the environment we have to keep them
warm.
Spinal Cord Injury- Manifestations
Respiratory o Above C4: Total loss of respiratory muscle function. o
Below C4: Diaphragmatic breathing—respiratory insufficiency
o Cervical & thoracic injuries: Paralysis of abdominal and intercostal muscles =
ineffective cough- risk for aspiration, atelectasis, pneumonia o Keep SP02~92%
Cardiac o Injury above T6 leads to dysfunction of SNS o ** Any injury above T6 people
can have autonomic dysreflexia or hyperreflexia o Leads to neurogenic shock—
bradycardia/peripheral vasodilation/hypotension. Urinary o Neurogenic bladder:
abnormal or absent bladder innervation (have to get cath)
No detrusor activity – flaccid/ hypotonic
