NU 545 Unit 1 Study Guide Questions and Correct
Answers- University of South Alabama
1. What is metabolic absorption? (pg 3)
when cells take in and use nutrients from their surroundings.
2. During cell injury what is released that is capable of cellular autodigestion? (pg 7-
8)
lysosomal enzymes (hydrolases) lyso- dissolution soma- body
3. Where is the genetic info contained in the cell? (pg 3)
Nucleos
4. Cell membranes contain which major chemical components? (pg 12-16)
the principal components of the plasma membrane are lipids (phospholipids and
cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrate groups that are attached to some of the
lipids and proteins. A phospholipid is a lipid made of glycerol, two fatty acid tails,
and a phosphate-linked head group.
5. Know the 4 phases of the cell cycle (pg 38)
G1 (presynthesis)
S (DNA synthesis)
G2 (premiotic)
M (mitotic phase)
6. What allows potassium to diffuse in and out of cells? (pg 28-31 and 114)
The sodium potassium active transport system (Na+ k+ ATPase pump)
7. How is the cell protected from injury? (pg 17, 47-49)
The plasma membrane is made of a bilayer of lipid molecules (phospholipids,
glycolipids, and cholesterol 70:5:25) which are responsible for the structural integrity of
the membrane.
8. What is platelet-derived growth factor? (pg 38)
Stimulate proliferation of connective tissue cells and neuroglial cells.
9. What is cell communication? How does it occur? (pg 19)
protein channels, plasma membrane bound signalling molecules, and secretion of
chemicals that signal far away cells allow cell communication which is needed for
homeostasis, regulation of growth and development and to maintain or coordinate
function
, 10. What is chemical signaling? (pg 19)
communication at a distance such as hormonal, neurohormonal, paracrine, autocrine
and neurotransmitter
11. How is glucose transported from the blood to the cell?( pg 32)
Passive: protein chanel. Active: Symport with Na+
12. Understand the transportation of potassium and sodium across plasma
membranes. (pg31)
by way of active transport which involved energy expenditure, na+ moves out of the cell
and k+ move into the cell at a 3:2 ratio.
13. Understand membrane transport. (pg 27)
14. Understand the function of cAMP. (pg 25)
15. Know causes of electrolyte abnormalities (hypermagnesemia, hypomagnesemia,
hypokalemia,hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia) (pg 113-122)
16. What is active transport? (pg 28)
requires life, biologic activity and expenditure of energy by the cell. occurs only across
living membrane that use energy generated by cellular metabolism and have receptors
capable of recognizing and binding to the substance to be transported
17. What are cytokines?( pg 231)
any of a number of substances, such as interferon, interleukin, and growth factors,
which are secreted by certain cells of the immune system and have an effect on other
cells.
18. When normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining are replaced
by stratified squamous epithelial cells, the process is called? (pg 49)
Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another, sometimes a
less differentiated cell type.
19. What is the relation between ischemia and ATP? (pg 51, 53)
a lack of blood supply causes a lack of oxygen, which causes a decrease in the
production of ATP
20. When does sodium enter the cell and cause swelling?(pg 51, 84,112)
Answers- University of South Alabama
1. What is metabolic absorption? (pg 3)
when cells take in and use nutrients from their surroundings.
2. During cell injury what is released that is capable of cellular autodigestion? (pg 7-
8)
lysosomal enzymes (hydrolases) lyso- dissolution soma- body
3. Where is the genetic info contained in the cell? (pg 3)
Nucleos
4. Cell membranes contain which major chemical components? (pg 12-16)
the principal components of the plasma membrane are lipids (phospholipids and
cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrate groups that are attached to some of the
lipids and proteins. A phospholipid is a lipid made of glycerol, two fatty acid tails,
and a phosphate-linked head group.
5. Know the 4 phases of the cell cycle (pg 38)
G1 (presynthesis)
S (DNA synthesis)
G2 (premiotic)
M (mitotic phase)
6. What allows potassium to diffuse in and out of cells? (pg 28-31 and 114)
The sodium potassium active transport system (Na+ k+ ATPase pump)
7. How is the cell protected from injury? (pg 17, 47-49)
The plasma membrane is made of a bilayer of lipid molecules (phospholipids,
glycolipids, and cholesterol 70:5:25) which are responsible for the structural integrity of
the membrane.
8. What is platelet-derived growth factor? (pg 38)
Stimulate proliferation of connective tissue cells and neuroglial cells.
9. What is cell communication? How does it occur? (pg 19)
protein channels, plasma membrane bound signalling molecules, and secretion of
chemicals that signal far away cells allow cell communication which is needed for
homeostasis, regulation of growth and development and to maintain or coordinate
function
, 10. What is chemical signaling? (pg 19)
communication at a distance such as hormonal, neurohormonal, paracrine, autocrine
and neurotransmitter
11. How is glucose transported from the blood to the cell?( pg 32)
Passive: protein chanel. Active: Symport with Na+
12. Understand the transportation of potassium and sodium across plasma
membranes. (pg31)
by way of active transport which involved energy expenditure, na+ moves out of the cell
and k+ move into the cell at a 3:2 ratio.
13. Understand membrane transport. (pg 27)
14. Understand the function of cAMP. (pg 25)
15. Know causes of electrolyte abnormalities (hypermagnesemia, hypomagnesemia,
hypokalemia,hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia) (pg 113-122)
16. What is active transport? (pg 28)
requires life, biologic activity and expenditure of energy by the cell. occurs only across
living membrane that use energy generated by cellular metabolism and have receptors
capable of recognizing and binding to the substance to be transported
17. What are cytokines?( pg 231)
any of a number of substances, such as interferon, interleukin, and growth factors,
which are secreted by certain cells of the immune system and have an effect on other
cells.
18. When normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining are replaced
by stratified squamous epithelial cells, the process is called? (pg 49)
Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another, sometimes a
less differentiated cell type.
19. What is the relation between ischemia and ATP? (pg 51, 53)
a lack of blood supply causes a lack of oxygen, which causes a decrease in the
production of ATP
20. When does sodium enter the cell and cause swelling?(pg 51, 84,112)
