ESTUDYR
NUR 376 WEEK 4 MODULE 3B STUDY GUIDE
| CARDIAC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is best defined as:
A. Total volume of blood in the ventricle
B. Cardiac output per minute
C. Percentage of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction
D. Resistance against ventricular contraction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: LVEF measures systolic function and reflects how effectively the left ventricle
pumps blood during systole.
2. A reduced ejection fraction primarily indicates:
A. Diastolic dysfunction
B. Valve stenosis
C. Systolic heart failure
D. Increased preload
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced EF means impaired ventricular contraction, which defines systolic HF.
3. Cardiac output is calculated using which formula?
A. SV ÷ HR
B. MAP × SV
C. HR × SV
D. Preload × Afterload
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.
, ESTUDYR
4. Preload is BEST described as:
A. Resistance the ventricle pumps against
B. Force of ventricular contraction
C. Volume of blood in the ventricle at end-diastole
D. Pressure in the pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preload reflects ventricular filling before contraction.
5. Increased systemic vascular resistance will primarily increase:
A. Preload
B. Contractility
C. Heart rate
D. Afterload
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Afterload is the resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood.
6. Which condition MOST increases afterload?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypertension
D. Reduced venous return
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated arterial pressure increases resistance to ventricular ejection.
7. Positive inotropic effects result in:
A. Slower heart rate
B. Reduced preload
C. Increased force of contraction
D. Decreased cardiac output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inotropic effects influence myocardial contractility.
NUR 376 WEEK 4 MODULE 3B STUDY GUIDE
| CARDIAC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is best defined as:
A. Total volume of blood in the ventricle
B. Cardiac output per minute
C. Percentage of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each contraction
D. Resistance against ventricular contraction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: LVEF measures systolic function and reflects how effectively the left ventricle
pumps blood during systole.
2. A reduced ejection fraction primarily indicates:
A. Diastolic dysfunction
B. Valve stenosis
C. Systolic heart failure
D. Increased preload
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced EF means impaired ventricular contraction, which defines systolic HF.
3. Cardiac output is calculated using which formula?
A. SV ÷ HR
B. MAP × SV
C. HR × SV
D. Preload × Afterload
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.
, ESTUDYR
4. Preload is BEST described as:
A. Resistance the ventricle pumps against
B. Force of ventricular contraction
C. Volume of blood in the ventricle at end-diastole
D. Pressure in the pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preload reflects ventricular filling before contraction.
5. Increased systemic vascular resistance will primarily increase:
A. Preload
B. Contractility
C. Heart rate
D. Afterload
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Afterload is the resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood.
6. Which condition MOST increases afterload?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypertension
D. Reduced venous return
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated arterial pressure increases resistance to ventricular ejection.
7. Positive inotropic effects result in:
A. Slower heart rate
B. Reduced preload
C. Increased force of contraction
D. Decreased cardiac output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inotropic effects influence myocardial contractility.
