1/26/26, 8:12 AM NSG 533 Exam 3 Exam study guide COMPLETE EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE…
NSG 533 Exam 3 Exam study guide COMPLETE
EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
(Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
Save
Terms in this set (144)
Universal stages of Heart Failure (HF) - At-risk for HF
- Pre HF
- HF
- Advanced HF
according to the universal definition, - do not have HF, but at risk
what is "at-risk for HF"? - no current or prior s/s
- no structural, functional, or biomarker evidence
supporting HF
according to the universal definition, - clinical syndrome
what is "HF" - current or prior s/s of HF
- caused by structural of functional cardiac
abnormality
- elevated natriuretic peptide levels
- evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion
who is most at risk for HF black males and females; older women
two biggest causes of HF 1. ischemic heart disease (CAD)
2. HTN
https://quizlet.com/1135317015/nsg-533-exam-3-exam-study-guide-complete-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-upd… 1/16
,1/26/26, 8:12 AM NSG 533 Exam 3 Exam study guide COMPLETE EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE…
calculate EF SV/LVEDV
synonym for inotropy contraction (HFrEF)
synonym for lusitropy relaxation (HFpEF)
two organizations for classification of 1. American Heart Assocation (A,B,C,D) - based on
HF structure
2. New York Heart Association (None, I, I, II, III, IV,
V) - based on physical activity limitations
how to distinguish cardiac cardiac dysfunction has structural abnormalities
dysfunction versus cardiac HF w/o symptoms
once a patient develops symptoms along with
structural abnormalities, they have HF
compensatory mechanisms for HF 1. Hemodynamics (Frank Starling Law) - can give
inotropes as short term use to increase contractility
(long-term can cause mortality)
2. SNS activation (increase contractility,
tachycardia, vasoconstriction)
3. RAAS activation (angiotensin II binds to AT 1
Receptor - vasoconstriction)
two types of angiotensin II 1. circulating
2. tissue-derived
effects of circulating angiotensin II - causes vasoconstriction
on HF - increases secretion of ADH
- increase aldosterone secretion
- increases sodium reabsorption
https://quizlet.com/1135317015/nsg-533-exam-3-exam-study-guide-complete-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-upd… 2/16
, 1/26/26, 8:12 AM NSG 533 Exam 3 Exam study guide COMPLETE EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE…
are aldosterone levels high or low in 20x higher than normal
HF?
effects of aldosterone on HF - increases sodium and water reabsorption
- decreased potassium and magnesium
- decreased baroreceptor reflex
- sympathetic activation
list the comprehensive risk factors of - dyslipidemia
Coronary Artery Disease - genetic studies
- modifiable risk factors
- non-modifiable risk factors
- novel risk factors
what are two classes of medications 1. beta blocker (to counter SNS)
an individual with HFrEF will be 2. ACEi (to counter RAAS)
started on?
what hormones worsen HF - Angiontensin II (RAAS)
- catecholamines (SNS)
- endothelin
- aldosterone
hormones that are good for HF - natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, CNP)
- adrenmedullin
- bradykinin
- nitric oxide
types of ventricular remodeling - concentric (thickened heart wall, diastolic HF, too
stiff, HFpEF)
- eccentric (thin heart wall, systolic HF, contraction
dysfunction, HFrEF)
https://quizlet.com/1135317015/nsg-533-exam-3-exam-study-guide-complete-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-upd… 3/16
NSG 533 Exam 3 Exam study guide COMPLETE
EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
(Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
Save
Terms in this set (144)
Universal stages of Heart Failure (HF) - At-risk for HF
- Pre HF
- HF
- Advanced HF
according to the universal definition, - do not have HF, but at risk
what is "at-risk for HF"? - no current or prior s/s
- no structural, functional, or biomarker evidence
supporting HF
according to the universal definition, - clinical syndrome
what is "HF" - current or prior s/s of HF
- caused by structural of functional cardiac
abnormality
- elevated natriuretic peptide levels
- evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion
who is most at risk for HF black males and females; older women
two biggest causes of HF 1. ischemic heart disease (CAD)
2. HTN
https://quizlet.com/1135317015/nsg-533-exam-3-exam-study-guide-complete-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-upd… 1/16
,1/26/26, 8:12 AM NSG 533 Exam 3 Exam study guide COMPLETE EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE…
calculate EF SV/LVEDV
synonym for inotropy contraction (HFrEF)
synonym for lusitropy relaxation (HFpEF)
two organizations for classification of 1. American Heart Assocation (A,B,C,D) - based on
HF structure
2. New York Heart Association (None, I, I, II, III, IV,
V) - based on physical activity limitations
how to distinguish cardiac cardiac dysfunction has structural abnormalities
dysfunction versus cardiac HF w/o symptoms
once a patient develops symptoms along with
structural abnormalities, they have HF
compensatory mechanisms for HF 1. Hemodynamics (Frank Starling Law) - can give
inotropes as short term use to increase contractility
(long-term can cause mortality)
2. SNS activation (increase contractility,
tachycardia, vasoconstriction)
3. RAAS activation (angiotensin II binds to AT 1
Receptor - vasoconstriction)
two types of angiotensin II 1. circulating
2. tissue-derived
effects of circulating angiotensin II - causes vasoconstriction
on HF - increases secretion of ADH
- increase aldosterone secretion
- increases sodium reabsorption
https://quizlet.com/1135317015/nsg-533-exam-3-exam-study-guide-complete-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-upd… 2/16
, 1/26/26, 8:12 AM NSG 533 Exam 3 Exam study guide COMPLETE EXAM Questions and Answers (Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2026) UPDATE…
are aldosterone levels high or low in 20x higher than normal
HF?
effects of aldosterone on HF - increases sodium and water reabsorption
- decreased potassium and magnesium
- decreased baroreceptor reflex
- sympathetic activation
list the comprehensive risk factors of - dyslipidemia
Coronary Artery Disease - genetic studies
- modifiable risk factors
- non-modifiable risk factors
- novel risk factors
what are two classes of medications 1. beta blocker (to counter SNS)
an individual with HFrEF will be 2. ACEi (to counter RAAS)
started on?
what hormones worsen HF - Angiontensin II (RAAS)
- catecholamines (SNS)
- endothelin
- aldosterone
hormones that are good for HF - natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, CNP)
- adrenmedullin
- bradykinin
- nitric oxide
types of ventricular remodeling - concentric (thickened heart wall, diastolic HF, too
stiff, HFpEF)
- eccentric (thin heart wall, systolic HF, contraction
dysfunction, HFrEF)
https://quizlet.com/1135317015/nsg-533-exam-3-exam-study-guide-complete-exam-questions-and-answers-verified-answers-latest-update-2026-upd… 3/16
