PC 832 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Constitutional law - ✔✔The rules and prohibitions found in Federal and State
Constitutions form the basis of modern Constitutional law.
✔✔Statutory law - ✔✔Consists of the written laws enacted by a legislative body
✔✔Case law - ✔✔Based upon previous appellate court decisions. Principle is known as
precedent. Primary purpose of case law is to interpret the constitution and clarify
statues.
✔✔Spirit of the law - ✔✔The law is strictly applied in accordance with the intent of the
legislature and the fairness and justice not solely in literal compliance with words of the
statue.
✔✔Letter of the law - ✔✔Law applied in accordance with the literal meaning of the
statue; no room for interpretation.
✔✔Civil law - ✔✔Deals with non-criminal violations of the law or private wrong doings
committed by one person against another.
✔✔Criminal law - ✔✔Violations of the criminal statutes. Violations called crimes.
✔✔Recall the statutory definition of a crime. - ✔✔• It must be a human act or omission,
• A violation of a written statute,
• Contain a punishment for the behavior
✔✔Identify the basic elements of all crimes: Act & Intent
The following identifies the elements that are basic to every crime: - ✔✔Commission of
a prohibited act, or omission of a required act
Presence of a designated of mind (intent)
Criminal intent must exist to distinguish the crime from an accident or mistake of fact.
✔✔General Intent Crimes - ✔✔Some crimes intent is presumed and has to be proven.
In general, the person intentionally did that which the law declared to be a crime.
✔✔Specific Intent Crime - ✔✔In other crimes intent is an element of the offense that
must be proven. Example: burglary, or kidnapping for ransom.
,✔✔Transferred Intent Crimes - ✔✔When an unlawful act affects a person other than, or
in addition to, the person it was intended to affect, intent then becomes transferred.
✔✔Criminal intent - ✔✔In these instances is transferred from the intended victim to the
actual victim. Intent may be transferred only if the act involved does not require a
different state of mind or criminal intent
✔✔Criminal intent - ✔✔Means a mental state or frame of mind that the person
knowingly did the particular criminal act.
✔✔Criminal negligence - ✔✔Meets the requirements of criminal intent, negligence is a
failure to exercise ordinary care
✔✔Identify the basic elements of an attempt to commit a crime. - ✔✔•Intent to commit
that crime
•A direct, but ineffectual act done toward its commission
✔✔Felony - ✔✔Punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment in state prison, death, or
removal from office
✔✔Misdemeanor - ✔✔Lesser gravity than a felony, punishable by a fine or
imprisonment in a county jail
✔✔Infractions - ✔✔Public offense punishable by only a fine. Normally offender is issued
a citation in place of arrest
✔✔Wobblers - ✔✔Crime that can be either a felony or a misdemeanor is commonly
referred to as a this. You can serve county or state time
✔✔Principal - ✔✔All persons involved in the commission of a felony or misdemeanor
✔✔Accomplice - ✔✔He or she testifies for the prosecution against another principal
✔✔Accessories - ✔✔Anyone who, after a felony, meets all the following requirements:
Harbors, conceals, or aids a principal in the felony
Knowledge the principal has committed charged, convicted of committing a felony.
✔✔Identify what individuals are considered legally incapable of committing a crime. -
✔✔Children under 14 years of age
Persons who lack the mental capacity
Persons who committed the act or omission:
1. Under ignorance or mistake of fact
2. Without being conscious of the act
3. Through misfortune or accident
, 4. Under threat or menace
✔✔Recognize a peace officer's role in relation Fourth Amendment - ✔✔Deals with the
right of people to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. Also sets out the
warrant requirements and related procedures which officers must follow when obtaining
a warrant.
✔✔Recognize a peace officer's role in relation to Fifth Amendment - ✔✔Understanding
the relationship between a people's right against self-incrimination and the Miranda
decision.
✔✔Recognize a peace officer's role in relation to Sixth Amendment - ✔✔Entitles a
person to the assistance of counsel once adversity judicial proceedings have
commenced. When they receive counsel police are prohibited from initiating
interrogation of the person about the charged crime, except in the presence of counsel.
✔✔Recognize a peace officer's role in relation to Fourteenth Amendment - ✔✔Requires
a peace officer to apply the law equally to all people regardless of race, creed,
nationality, religious preference, or national origin.
✔✔US Code Title 42, Section 1983, Civil Deprivation of Rights - - ✔✔States that
individuals acting under color of law who deprive someone of any legal right can be held
civilly liable
✔✔US Code Title 18, Section 241, Criminal Conspiracy - ✔✔Makes it a federal crime
for two or more persons to conspire to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate someone
for doing something they have a legal right to do.
✔✔US Code Title 18, Section 242, Criminal Deprivation of Rights - - ✔✔Makes it a
federal crime to deprive a person, under color of law, of any legal right, or to punish a
person differently, based on that persons color, race, or citizenship status.
✔✔Consensual encounter - ✔✔Is a face-to-face contact between a private individual
and a peace officer under circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to
believe that they are free to leave and otherwise not cooperate.
✔✔Detention - ✔✔An assertion of authority by a peace officer that would cause a
reasonable person to believe they are not free to leave. Such a belief may result from
physical restraint, unequivocal verbal commands, or other conduct by an officer.
✔✔Appearance of person - ✔✔Intoxicated, resemblance to wanted person.
✔✔Actions - ✔✔Hiding objects, looking furtively, running from crime scene.
Driving behaviors.
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Constitutional law - ✔✔The rules and prohibitions found in Federal and State
Constitutions form the basis of modern Constitutional law.
✔✔Statutory law - ✔✔Consists of the written laws enacted by a legislative body
✔✔Case law - ✔✔Based upon previous appellate court decisions. Principle is known as
precedent. Primary purpose of case law is to interpret the constitution and clarify
statues.
✔✔Spirit of the law - ✔✔The law is strictly applied in accordance with the intent of the
legislature and the fairness and justice not solely in literal compliance with words of the
statue.
✔✔Letter of the law - ✔✔Law applied in accordance with the literal meaning of the
statue; no room for interpretation.
✔✔Civil law - ✔✔Deals with non-criminal violations of the law or private wrong doings
committed by one person against another.
✔✔Criminal law - ✔✔Violations of the criminal statutes. Violations called crimes.
✔✔Recall the statutory definition of a crime. - ✔✔• It must be a human act or omission,
• A violation of a written statute,
• Contain a punishment for the behavior
✔✔Identify the basic elements of all crimes: Act & Intent
The following identifies the elements that are basic to every crime: - ✔✔Commission of
a prohibited act, or omission of a required act
Presence of a designated of mind (intent)
Criminal intent must exist to distinguish the crime from an accident or mistake of fact.
✔✔General Intent Crimes - ✔✔Some crimes intent is presumed and has to be proven.
In general, the person intentionally did that which the law declared to be a crime.
✔✔Specific Intent Crime - ✔✔In other crimes intent is an element of the offense that
must be proven. Example: burglary, or kidnapping for ransom.
,✔✔Transferred Intent Crimes - ✔✔When an unlawful act affects a person other than, or
in addition to, the person it was intended to affect, intent then becomes transferred.
✔✔Criminal intent - ✔✔In these instances is transferred from the intended victim to the
actual victim. Intent may be transferred only if the act involved does not require a
different state of mind or criminal intent
✔✔Criminal intent - ✔✔Means a mental state or frame of mind that the person
knowingly did the particular criminal act.
✔✔Criminal negligence - ✔✔Meets the requirements of criminal intent, negligence is a
failure to exercise ordinary care
✔✔Identify the basic elements of an attempt to commit a crime. - ✔✔•Intent to commit
that crime
•A direct, but ineffectual act done toward its commission
✔✔Felony - ✔✔Punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment in state prison, death, or
removal from office
✔✔Misdemeanor - ✔✔Lesser gravity than a felony, punishable by a fine or
imprisonment in a county jail
✔✔Infractions - ✔✔Public offense punishable by only a fine. Normally offender is issued
a citation in place of arrest
✔✔Wobblers - ✔✔Crime that can be either a felony or a misdemeanor is commonly
referred to as a this. You can serve county or state time
✔✔Principal - ✔✔All persons involved in the commission of a felony or misdemeanor
✔✔Accomplice - ✔✔He or she testifies for the prosecution against another principal
✔✔Accessories - ✔✔Anyone who, after a felony, meets all the following requirements:
Harbors, conceals, or aids a principal in the felony
Knowledge the principal has committed charged, convicted of committing a felony.
✔✔Identify what individuals are considered legally incapable of committing a crime. -
✔✔Children under 14 years of age
Persons who lack the mental capacity
Persons who committed the act or omission:
1. Under ignorance or mistake of fact
2. Without being conscious of the act
3. Through misfortune or accident
, 4. Under threat or menace
✔✔Recognize a peace officer's role in relation Fourth Amendment - ✔✔Deals with the
right of people to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. Also sets out the
warrant requirements and related procedures which officers must follow when obtaining
a warrant.
✔✔Recognize a peace officer's role in relation to Fifth Amendment - ✔✔Understanding
the relationship between a people's right against self-incrimination and the Miranda
decision.
✔✔Recognize a peace officer's role in relation to Sixth Amendment - ✔✔Entitles a
person to the assistance of counsel once adversity judicial proceedings have
commenced. When they receive counsel police are prohibited from initiating
interrogation of the person about the charged crime, except in the presence of counsel.
✔✔Recognize a peace officer's role in relation to Fourteenth Amendment - ✔✔Requires
a peace officer to apply the law equally to all people regardless of race, creed,
nationality, religious preference, or national origin.
✔✔US Code Title 42, Section 1983, Civil Deprivation of Rights - - ✔✔States that
individuals acting under color of law who deprive someone of any legal right can be held
civilly liable
✔✔US Code Title 18, Section 241, Criminal Conspiracy - ✔✔Makes it a federal crime
for two or more persons to conspire to injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate someone
for doing something they have a legal right to do.
✔✔US Code Title 18, Section 242, Criminal Deprivation of Rights - - ✔✔Makes it a
federal crime to deprive a person, under color of law, of any legal right, or to punish a
person differently, based on that persons color, race, or citizenship status.
✔✔Consensual encounter - ✔✔Is a face-to-face contact between a private individual
and a peace officer under circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to
believe that they are free to leave and otherwise not cooperate.
✔✔Detention - ✔✔An assertion of authority by a peace officer that would cause a
reasonable person to believe they are not free to leave. Such a belief may result from
physical restraint, unequivocal verbal commands, or other conduct by an officer.
✔✔Appearance of person - ✔✔Intoxicated, resemblance to wanted person.
✔✔Actions - ✔✔Hiding objects, looking furtively, running from crime scene.
Driving behaviors.
