1|Page
GNRS 515-ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-EXAM
1|ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS|A+GRADE LATEST 2026
A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people in the
country and 1,000 people contract the disease yearly. The population of
the country is 4,500,000. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence is .02%.
b. The prevalence of the disease is .02% and the incidence is 10%.
c. Neither is correct.
d. There is insufficient data - ANSWER -A
In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" refers to which
of the following?
a.number of people with the disease
b. cause of the disease
c. definition of the disease
d. outcome of the disease - ANSWER -B
Which of the following is(are) true about "symptoms"?
a. objective and measurable
b. the same as "signs"
,2|Page
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above - ANSWER -D
In 1992, there were 980 deaths in a Midwestern city with a population
of 1,000,000. At the beginning of that year, 900 cases of AIDS existed in
this population. During the year, 250 new cases of AIDS were
diagnosed, and 75 people died of the disease in 1992.
Using the data given above, what was the incidence rate (per 100,000
population) at the end of 1992 for AIDS?
a. 6
b. 25
c. 88
d. 116 - ANSWER -B
What level of prevention is a blood pressure screening program for high
school students who are pregnant?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary - ANSWER -B
Mr. Forbes complains of "indigestion" and becomes sweaty and pale.
His wife takes him to the Emergency Department at Northwestern
Memorial Hospital. A cardiac catheterization 2 days later shows partial
blockage of his right coronary artery (RCA).
,3|Page
Blockage of the right coronary artery can lead to myocardial cell injury
because it results in which of the following?
a. bilirubin accumulation in myocardial cells
b. alteration in the genetic material of myocardial cells
c. reduced energy production in myocardial cells
d. activation of the complement system - ANSWER -C
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K membrane
pump may be impaired. Which of the following may then result?
a.intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above - ANSWER -A
Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when he suffers a
myocardial infarction in which a large part of his left ventricle has
suffered lethal cell injury.
Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with myocardial
cells, are significantly elevated. What is the best explanation for this?
a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released their
cytoplasmic contents into the blood.
b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the myocardial cells
c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing hypertrophy.
d. None of the above. - ANSWER -A
, 4|Page
If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination
from Mr. Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate
irreversible cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material - ANSWER -D
The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy
production results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER -B
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has
lost all his equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he
suffers cell injury due to impaired ATP production. The reason for the
decrease in ATP is which of the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above - ANSWER -C
GNRS 515-ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-EXAM
1|ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS|A+GRADE LATEST 2026
A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people in the
country and 1,000 people contract the disease yearly. The population of
the country is 4,500,000. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence is .02%.
b. The prevalence of the disease is .02% and the incidence is 10%.
c. Neither is correct.
d. There is insufficient data - ANSWER -A
In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" refers to which
of the following?
a.number of people with the disease
b. cause of the disease
c. definition of the disease
d. outcome of the disease - ANSWER -B
Which of the following is(are) true about "symptoms"?
a. objective and measurable
b. the same as "signs"
,2|Page
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above - ANSWER -D
In 1992, there were 980 deaths in a Midwestern city with a population
of 1,000,000. At the beginning of that year, 900 cases of AIDS existed in
this population. During the year, 250 new cases of AIDS were
diagnosed, and 75 people died of the disease in 1992.
Using the data given above, what was the incidence rate (per 100,000
population) at the end of 1992 for AIDS?
a. 6
b. 25
c. 88
d. 116 - ANSWER -B
What level of prevention is a blood pressure screening program for high
school students who are pregnant?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary - ANSWER -B
Mr. Forbes complains of "indigestion" and becomes sweaty and pale.
His wife takes him to the Emergency Department at Northwestern
Memorial Hospital. A cardiac catheterization 2 days later shows partial
blockage of his right coronary artery (RCA).
,3|Page
Blockage of the right coronary artery can lead to myocardial cell injury
because it results in which of the following?
a. bilirubin accumulation in myocardial cells
b. alteration in the genetic material of myocardial cells
c. reduced energy production in myocardial cells
d. activation of the complement system - ANSWER -C
When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K membrane
pump may be impaired. Which of the following may then result?
a.intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
d. all of the above - ANSWER -A
Mr. Forbes is being prepared for open heart surgery when he suffers a
myocardial infarction in which a large part of his left ventricle has
suffered lethal cell injury.
Mr. Forbes' CPK-MB and LDH1, enzymes associated with myocardial
cells, are significantly elevated. What is the best explanation for this?
a. It is a sign that necrotic myocardial cells have released their
cytoplasmic contents into the blood.
b. It is a sign of reversible fatty accumulation in the myocardial cells
c. It is a sign that the myocardial cells are undergoing hypertrophy.
d. None of the above. - ANSWER -A
, 4|Page
If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination
from Mr. Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate
irreversible cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material - ANSWER -D
The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy
production results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER -B
A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has
lost all his equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he
suffers cell injury due to impaired ATP production. The reason for the
decrease in ATP is which of the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above - ANSWER -C
