Poli Sci 250 Exam 1 || WITH A+ GRADED
SOLUTIONS!!
induction correct answers deriving broad principles from observation of events/instances
deduction correct answers explaining individual instances by reference to broad principles
a fortiori correct answers arguing that if a quality doesn't exist where it is more likely to, it
definitely won't where it is less likely to
falsiability correct answers an argument that could potentially be shown to be wrong
comparative politics correct answers study of politics within a country (domestic politics)
normative argument correct answers ethical/moral argument focused on values; what "should" or
"ought" to be
positive argument correct answers argument based on what "is"
empirical/inductive argument correct answers type of positive argument that moves from specific
facts and patterns to general theories
deductive argument correct answers type of positive argument that moves from a general theory
to specific case
endogeneity correct answers reverse causality
selection bias correct answers selecting on the dependent variable; only choosing the successes
or only choosing the failures
causal mechanisms correct answers intermediate steps (how Y causes X)
democracy correct answers certain set of institutions for governing and making collective
decisions in which political representatives and decision makers are selected through fair, honest,
periodic elections, virtually all citizens are able to vote, candidates can compete freely, and
elected officials have limits on their power
polyarchy correct answers democracy where there is a choice between alternatives and
everybody gets to choose/vote
democratic method correct answers institutional arrangement for arriving at political decisions in
which individuals get the power to decide by the people's vote
liberalization correct answers partial opening of an authoritarian system, but not to the extent of
having free competitive elections
, totalitarianism correct answers a single party with pervasive power, secret police, and a specific
ideology for an ideal society
authoritarianism correct answers a single leader with no mass mobilization, no effort to remake
society, and limited government
conditions for democratic regimes correct answers democracy, affluence, economic growth with
moderate inflation, declining inequality, a favorable international climate, and parliamentary
institutions
liberalism correct answers basic rights and freedoms (usually goes along with democracy)
deontological argument correct answers an action is right because it conforms with moral law
consequential argument correct answers an action is right because it has good consequences
modernization theory correct answers socioeconomic modernization connected with
industrialization produces democracy (more economic growth makes a country more likely to
democratize)
emergence theory correct answers modernization theory posits growing economies gradually
turning into democracies
survival theory correct answers democratic transitions occur randomly and survive in rich
countries and backslide in poor ones
state correct answers centralized organization with a legitimate monopoly on the use of violence
within a territory
state-making correct answers eliminating/neutralizing rivals inside of the territory
war-making correct answers eliminating/neutralizing rivals outside of the territory
extraction correct answers acquiring resources for state and war-making
national state correct answers relatively centralized, differentiated organizations, the officials of
which successfully claim control over the chief concentrated means of violence
racketeer correct answers someone who creates a threat and then charges for its reduction
legitimacy correct answers probability that other authorities act to confirm decisions of a given
authority
tribute correct answers monopoly profit coming to owners of means of producing violence as a
result of differences between production costs and price
SOLUTIONS!!
induction correct answers deriving broad principles from observation of events/instances
deduction correct answers explaining individual instances by reference to broad principles
a fortiori correct answers arguing that if a quality doesn't exist where it is more likely to, it
definitely won't where it is less likely to
falsiability correct answers an argument that could potentially be shown to be wrong
comparative politics correct answers study of politics within a country (domestic politics)
normative argument correct answers ethical/moral argument focused on values; what "should" or
"ought" to be
positive argument correct answers argument based on what "is"
empirical/inductive argument correct answers type of positive argument that moves from specific
facts and patterns to general theories
deductive argument correct answers type of positive argument that moves from a general theory
to specific case
endogeneity correct answers reverse causality
selection bias correct answers selecting on the dependent variable; only choosing the successes
or only choosing the failures
causal mechanisms correct answers intermediate steps (how Y causes X)
democracy correct answers certain set of institutions for governing and making collective
decisions in which political representatives and decision makers are selected through fair, honest,
periodic elections, virtually all citizens are able to vote, candidates can compete freely, and
elected officials have limits on their power
polyarchy correct answers democracy where there is a choice between alternatives and
everybody gets to choose/vote
democratic method correct answers institutional arrangement for arriving at political decisions in
which individuals get the power to decide by the people's vote
liberalization correct answers partial opening of an authoritarian system, but not to the extent of
having free competitive elections
, totalitarianism correct answers a single party with pervasive power, secret police, and a specific
ideology for an ideal society
authoritarianism correct answers a single leader with no mass mobilization, no effort to remake
society, and limited government
conditions for democratic regimes correct answers democracy, affluence, economic growth with
moderate inflation, declining inequality, a favorable international climate, and parliamentary
institutions
liberalism correct answers basic rights and freedoms (usually goes along with democracy)
deontological argument correct answers an action is right because it conforms with moral law
consequential argument correct answers an action is right because it has good consequences
modernization theory correct answers socioeconomic modernization connected with
industrialization produces democracy (more economic growth makes a country more likely to
democratize)
emergence theory correct answers modernization theory posits growing economies gradually
turning into democracies
survival theory correct answers democratic transitions occur randomly and survive in rich
countries and backslide in poor ones
state correct answers centralized organization with a legitimate monopoly on the use of violence
within a territory
state-making correct answers eliminating/neutralizing rivals inside of the territory
war-making correct answers eliminating/neutralizing rivals outside of the territory
extraction correct answers acquiring resources for state and war-making
national state correct answers relatively centralized, differentiated organizations, the officials of
which successfully claim control over the chief concentrated means of violence
racketeer correct answers someone who creates a threat and then charges for its reduction
legitimacy correct answers probability that other authorities act to confirm decisions of a given
authority
tribute correct answers monopoly profit coming to owners of means of producing violence as a
result of differences between production costs and price
