GNRS515 - Advanced
Pathophysiology - Exam #1 questions
n answers 2025/2026
T/F: Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not
hyperplasia. - ANS ✔✔True
T/F: Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation. - ANS ✔✔False
T/F: Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together. - ANS ✔✔False
T/F: A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal columnar
ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells. The man is
correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking. - ANS ✔✔True
T/F: Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become malignant. - ANS
✔✔True
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Anaplasia - ANS ✔✔B. Metaplasia
,The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:
A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B. Hormonal hyperplasia
C. Hormonal anaplasia
D. Hormonal dysplasia - ANS ✔✔B. Hormonal Hyperplasia
When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells?
A. They divide
B. They increase in size
C. They increase in number
D. They undergo metaplasia - ANS ✔✔B. They increase in size
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen; this is an
example of hormonal:
A. Hyperplasia.
B. Dysplasia.
C. Hypertrophy
D. Anaplasia - ANS ✔✔A. Hyperplasia
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:
A. Dysplasia.
B. Pathologic dysplasia
, C. Hyperplasia
D. Pathologic hyperplasia - ANS ✔✔D. Pathologic Hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining liver cells.
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Compensatory dysplasia - ANS ✔✔C. Compensatory Hyperplasia
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level have on
cells?
A. Cells shrink because of the influx of Ca
B. Cells shrink because of the influx of KCl
C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
D. Cells swell because of the influx of NO - ANS ✔✔C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A. Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis.
B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
C. Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium
D. Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure - ANS ✔✔B.
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?
Pathophysiology - Exam #1 questions
n answers 2025/2026
T/F: Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not
hyperplasia. - ANS ✔✔True
T/F: Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation. - ANS ✔✔False
T/F: Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together. - ANS ✔✔False
T/F: A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal columnar
ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells. The man is
correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking. - ANS ✔✔True
T/F: Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become malignant. - ANS
✔✔True
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Anaplasia - ANS ✔✔B. Metaplasia
,The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:
A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B. Hormonal hyperplasia
C. Hormonal anaplasia
D. Hormonal dysplasia - ANS ✔✔B. Hormonal Hyperplasia
When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells?
A. They divide
B. They increase in size
C. They increase in number
D. They undergo metaplasia - ANS ✔✔B. They increase in size
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen; this is an
example of hormonal:
A. Hyperplasia.
B. Dysplasia.
C. Hypertrophy
D. Anaplasia - ANS ✔✔A. Hyperplasia
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:
A. Dysplasia.
B. Pathologic dysplasia
, C. Hyperplasia
D. Pathologic hyperplasia - ANS ✔✔D. Pathologic Hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining liver cells.
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Compensatory dysplasia - ANS ✔✔C. Compensatory Hyperplasia
During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level have on
cells?
A. Cells shrink because of the influx of Ca
B. Cells shrink because of the influx of KCl
C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
D. Cells swell because of the influx of NO - ANS ✔✔C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the mitochondria?
A. Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis.
B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
C. Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium
D. Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure - ANS ✔✔B.
Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injury?
