1
APHY 102 Midterm 2026 Latest
Questions and Answers (100% Expert
Answers) A+
hormone [ Ans: ] chemical messengers; secreted into body fluids, mainly
blood with specific actions on target tissues that have specific receptors
for it
paracrine gland [ Ans: ] a secretion that enters interstitial fluid; acts on
neighboring cells
autocrine gland [ Ans: ] a secretion that only affects the secreting cell
endocrine gland [ Ans: ] secretes hormones into the internal environment
exocrine glands [ Ans: ] secretions enter tubes/ducts that lead to body
surfaces.
© 2026
hypothalamus [ Ans: ] regulates pituitary gland secretion
steroid hormones [ Ans: ] soluble in lipids (cholesterol); protein
receptors, mRNA
tropic hormones [ Ans: ] stimulate other endocrine glands to release
hormones; released by anterior pituitary gland via hypothalamus
glucagon [ Ans: ] increase in blood glucose
insulin [ Ans: ] promotes formation of glycogen; inhibits conversion of
noncarbohydrates into glucose; enhances movement of glucose through
adipose and muscle cell membranes; promotes transport of amino acids
into cells
diabetes mellitus [ Ans: ] Type 1 is when the pancreas cannot produce
insulin (autoimmune); Type 2 is non insulin dependents
, 2
Rh factor and developing fetus [ Ans: ] Rh negative mother + Rh positive
baby = first pregnancy okay; Rh positive blood enters mother and mother
produces Rh anti-bodies; second pregnancy may result in destruction of
red blood cells in fetus; erythroblastosis fetalis
Blood type A [ Ans: ] antigen: A; antibody: anti-B; receive type A or O;
give to type A or AB
Blood type B [ Ans: ] antigen: B; antibody: anti-A; receive type B or O; give
to type B or AB
Blood type AB [ Ans: ] antigens: A & B; antibody: neither; receive Type A,
B, and O; give to type AB only; universal recipient
Blood type O [ Ans: ] antigens: neither; antibodies: both anit-A & anti-B;
receive Type O only; give to A, B, and O; universal donor
neutrophils [ Ans: ] a leukocyte (WBC): most numerous, 54-62% of WBCs,
first to arrive to fight infections, elevated in bacterial infections, multi-
lobed nucleus; granulocyte
© 2026
eosinophils [ Ans: ] a leukocyte (WBC): deep red granules in acid stain, bi-
lobed nucleus, fight allergic reactions and against parasitic worm
infestations, 1-3% of WBCs; granulocyte
basophils [ Ans: ] smallest % of leukocytes
monocytes [ Ans: ] a leukocyte (WBC): largest of all blood cells,
kidney/oval-shaped nuclei, become macrophages, 3-9% of WBCs,
phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris; agranulocyte
lymphocytes [ Ans: ] a leukocyte (WBC): slightly larger than RBCs, large
spherical nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm, T and B cells, B
cells produce antibodies, 25-33% of WBCs; agranulocyte
formed elements of blood [ Ans: ] blood cells and platelets; RBCs -
transport oxygen; WBCs - fight infections; platelets - clot wounds
normal levels of RBC [ Ans: ] RBCs are 45% of the blood.
APHY 102 Midterm 2026 Latest
Questions and Answers (100% Expert
Answers) A+
hormone [ Ans: ] chemical messengers; secreted into body fluids, mainly
blood with specific actions on target tissues that have specific receptors
for it
paracrine gland [ Ans: ] a secretion that enters interstitial fluid; acts on
neighboring cells
autocrine gland [ Ans: ] a secretion that only affects the secreting cell
endocrine gland [ Ans: ] secretes hormones into the internal environment
exocrine glands [ Ans: ] secretions enter tubes/ducts that lead to body
surfaces.
© 2026
hypothalamus [ Ans: ] regulates pituitary gland secretion
steroid hormones [ Ans: ] soluble in lipids (cholesterol); protein
receptors, mRNA
tropic hormones [ Ans: ] stimulate other endocrine glands to release
hormones; released by anterior pituitary gland via hypothalamus
glucagon [ Ans: ] increase in blood glucose
insulin [ Ans: ] promotes formation of glycogen; inhibits conversion of
noncarbohydrates into glucose; enhances movement of glucose through
adipose and muscle cell membranes; promotes transport of amino acids
into cells
diabetes mellitus [ Ans: ] Type 1 is when the pancreas cannot produce
insulin (autoimmune); Type 2 is non insulin dependents
, 2
Rh factor and developing fetus [ Ans: ] Rh negative mother + Rh positive
baby = first pregnancy okay; Rh positive blood enters mother and mother
produces Rh anti-bodies; second pregnancy may result in destruction of
red blood cells in fetus; erythroblastosis fetalis
Blood type A [ Ans: ] antigen: A; antibody: anti-B; receive type A or O;
give to type A or AB
Blood type B [ Ans: ] antigen: B; antibody: anti-A; receive type B or O; give
to type B or AB
Blood type AB [ Ans: ] antigens: A & B; antibody: neither; receive Type A,
B, and O; give to type AB only; universal recipient
Blood type O [ Ans: ] antigens: neither; antibodies: both anit-A & anti-B;
receive Type O only; give to A, B, and O; universal donor
neutrophils [ Ans: ] a leukocyte (WBC): most numerous, 54-62% of WBCs,
first to arrive to fight infections, elevated in bacterial infections, multi-
lobed nucleus; granulocyte
© 2026
eosinophils [ Ans: ] a leukocyte (WBC): deep red granules in acid stain, bi-
lobed nucleus, fight allergic reactions and against parasitic worm
infestations, 1-3% of WBCs; granulocyte
basophils [ Ans: ] smallest % of leukocytes
monocytes [ Ans: ] a leukocyte (WBC): largest of all blood cells,
kidney/oval-shaped nuclei, become macrophages, 3-9% of WBCs,
phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, and other debris; agranulocyte
lymphocytes [ Ans: ] a leukocyte (WBC): slightly larger than RBCs, large
spherical nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm, T and B cells, B
cells produce antibodies, 25-33% of WBCs; agranulocyte
formed elements of blood [ Ans: ] blood cells and platelets; RBCs -
transport oxygen; WBCs - fight infections; platelets - clot wounds
normal levels of RBC [ Ans: ] RBCs are 45% of the blood.
