KETTERING TESTS COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
SCRIPT 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS VERIFIED
◉ What is a perfusion scan? Answer: - Albumin, tagged with iodine,
is injected to a peripheral vein and when it passes into the
pulmonary circulation, lodged in the capillaries
- A scanning device is passed over the chest and produces a pattern
of radiation that indicates the distribution and volume of perfusion
◉ What are PET scans commonly used for? Answer: - Used in
determining the presence of cancer, brain disorders and heart
disease
◉ What is a pulmonary angiography used for? Answer: - Solely used
to diagnose a *pulmonary embolism*
◉ What is an echocardiogram? Answer: - An ultrasound of the heart;
noninvasive method for monitoring cardiac performance
- Indications include: Abnormal heart sounds, cardiac anomalies in
the infant, myocardial disease, abnormal cardiac blood flow
◉ ICP monitoring Answer: - *Normal value: 5-10 mmHg*
(Recommend initiating treatment if ICP > 20 mmHG)
- Mannitol is used to remove fluid from the brain
,- HYPERVENTILATE PATIENT THAT HAS HIGH ICP
◉ What is Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) testing? Answer: - Used to
monitor patient's *response to anti-inflammatory (corticosteroid)
treatment.*
- A decrease in FENO suggest a decrease in airway inflammation
◉ What is Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (FECO) testing and ranges?
Answer: - Used to monitor *abstinence in cigarette smokers*
- Heavy smokers = *>20*
- Moderate smokers = *11-20*
- Light smokers = 7-10
- Non smokers = *<7*
◉ What makes up a CBC? Normal Values? Answer: - RBC *(4-6
million)* (Low = blood loss or hemorrhage) (High = Chronic tissue
hypoxemia ..i.e. COPD)
- Hemoglobin *(12-16)* (Low = anemia) (High = polycythemia)
- Hematocrit (Hct) *(40-50%)*
- WBC *(5-10 thousand)* (Low = Viral infection) (High = Bacterial
infection)
◉ What makes up Electrolytes? Normal Values? Answer: - K+ *(3.5-
4.5)* (High = *kidney failure* (Low = excessive excretion, vomiting)
, - Na+ *(135-145)* (high = *dehydration*) (low = fluid loss or fluid
gain from CHF iv therapy)
- Cl- *(90-100)* (high = metabolic acidosis) (low = metabolic
alkalosis)
- HCO3- *(22-26)*
◉ What is creatinine? Answer: - Product of muscle breakdown,
*measurement of kidney function*
- Normal value = *0.7-1.3*
- *HIGH CREATININE = Kidney failure*
◉ Sputum analysis of yellow sputum Answer: - Presence of WBC,
bacterial infection
◉ Sputum analysis of Green sputum Answer: - Stagnant sputum,
*gram-negative bacteria*, (bronchiectasis, pseudomonas)
- *GENTAMICIN is used for treating gram-negative diseases*
◉ Sputum analysis of Brown/Dark sputum Answer: - Old blood,
anaerobic lung infection, possible TB
◉ Sputum analysis of Bright red sputum Answer: - hemoptysis
(bleeding, TB)
SCRIPT 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS VERIFIED
◉ What is a perfusion scan? Answer: - Albumin, tagged with iodine,
is injected to a peripheral vein and when it passes into the
pulmonary circulation, lodged in the capillaries
- A scanning device is passed over the chest and produces a pattern
of radiation that indicates the distribution and volume of perfusion
◉ What are PET scans commonly used for? Answer: - Used in
determining the presence of cancer, brain disorders and heart
disease
◉ What is a pulmonary angiography used for? Answer: - Solely used
to diagnose a *pulmonary embolism*
◉ What is an echocardiogram? Answer: - An ultrasound of the heart;
noninvasive method for monitoring cardiac performance
- Indications include: Abnormal heart sounds, cardiac anomalies in
the infant, myocardial disease, abnormal cardiac blood flow
◉ ICP monitoring Answer: - *Normal value: 5-10 mmHg*
(Recommend initiating treatment if ICP > 20 mmHG)
- Mannitol is used to remove fluid from the brain
,- HYPERVENTILATE PATIENT THAT HAS HIGH ICP
◉ What is Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) testing? Answer: - Used to
monitor patient's *response to anti-inflammatory (corticosteroid)
treatment.*
- A decrease in FENO suggest a decrease in airway inflammation
◉ What is Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (FECO) testing and ranges?
Answer: - Used to monitor *abstinence in cigarette smokers*
- Heavy smokers = *>20*
- Moderate smokers = *11-20*
- Light smokers = 7-10
- Non smokers = *<7*
◉ What makes up a CBC? Normal Values? Answer: - RBC *(4-6
million)* (Low = blood loss or hemorrhage) (High = Chronic tissue
hypoxemia ..i.e. COPD)
- Hemoglobin *(12-16)* (Low = anemia) (High = polycythemia)
- Hematocrit (Hct) *(40-50%)*
- WBC *(5-10 thousand)* (Low = Viral infection) (High = Bacterial
infection)
◉ What makes up Electrolytes? Normal Values? Answer: - K+ *(3.5-
4.5)* (High = *kidney failure* (Low = excessive excretion, vomiting)
, - Na+ *(135-145)* (high = *dehydration*) (low = fluid loss or fluid
gain from CHF iv therapy)
- Cl- *(90-100)* (high = metabolic acidosis) (low = metabolic
alkalosis)
- HCO3- *(22-26)*
◉ What is creatinine? Answer: - Product of muscle breakdown,
*measurement of kidney function*
- Normal value = *0.7-1.3*
- *HIGH CREATININE = Kidney failure*
◉ Sputum analysis of yellow sputum Answer: - Presence of WBC,
bacterial infection
◉ Sputum analysis of Green sputum Answer: - Stagnant sputum,
*gram-negative bacteria*, (bronchiectasis, pseudomonas)
- *GENTAMICIN is used for treating gram-negative diseases*
◉ Sputum analysis of Brown/Dark sputum Answer: - Old blood,
anaerobic lung infection, possible TB
◉ Sputum analysis of Bright red sputum Answer: - hemoptysis
(bleeding, TB)
