Exercise Physiology - OCR A Level PE - Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f70yvm
1. What is SALTAPS: Protocol for the assessment of a sporting injury
2. What does SALTAPS stand for: S - Stop
Stop the game and observe the injury
A - Ask
Ask the player questions (How did it happen? Where does it hurt?)
L - Look
At the injury site check for swelling, bruising, deformity, discolouration
T - Touch
At the injury site, check for sweeling, deformity, lumps/bumps, heat
A - Active movement
Ask for active movement from the participant
P - Passive movement
Assessor moves the injured limb/body part
S - Strength training
Ask the player to stand, lift and put pressure on the injured area. Ask them if they can continue
3. What is PRICE: Protocol for the treatment of acute injuries
4. What does PRICE stand for ': P - Protect
Protect injury from further damage (use a support or splint)
R - Rest
Rest injury for first 2-3 days, reintroduce movement gradually so you don't delay your recovery by losing strength
I - Ice
Ice painful area with a cold compress to reduce swelling and bruising, do this for 15-20 mins every 3 hours. Do not
apply ice directly to skin to avoid burns
C - Compress
, Exercise Physiology - OCR A Level PE - Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f70yvm
Compress injured area with elastic bandage to limit swelling and movement. Do not leave the bandage on while you
sleep
E - Elevate
Elevate injury by resting above the level of your heart and keep it supported
5. What are the 6 R's: Protocol for the recognition nof concussion
6. What do the 6 R's stand for: 1 - Recognise
Learn signs/symptoms of concussion to identify when an athelete may have a concussion
2 - Remove
Any athlete who has a concussion/suspected concussion should be immediately removed from play
3 - Refer
Once removed, the athlete should be referred immediately to a qualified healthcare professional who is trained in
treating/evaluating concussion
4 - Rest
Athletes must rest from exercise until symptom free and must not be left alone 24 hours following the injury
5 - Recover
Athletes must be fully recovered and symptom free from the concussion before returning to play
Adults must take a minimum of 1 week and under 18s must take a minimum of 2 weeks before seeking an authorised
return from a healthcare professional
6- Return
In order for safe return to play, the athlete must be symptom free and cleared in writing by a qualified healthcare
professional who is trained in treating/evaluating concussion. The athlete completes the GRTP (graduated return to
play) protocol
7. What are the 5 individual variable risk factors: 1. Posture
2. Age
3. Nutrition
4. Previous injury
5. Body size (your compared to opponents)
, Exercise Physiology - OCR A Level PE - Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f70yvm
8. What are 3 training risk factors: Poor preparation for sport
Poor warm up
Inadequate flexibility
Inadequate strength
9. What is static flexibilty: The range of motion about a joint without reference to speed or movement
10. What is dynamic flexibility: Range of motion about a joint with reference to speed of movement
11. What are the 4 factors affecting flexibility: 1. Type of joint
2. Length/elasticity of surrounding connective tissue
3. Gender
4. Age
12. How does the type of joint affect flexibility: Ball and socket joint has greatest ROM compared
to other types of joint like hinge joints.
13. Why does the type of joint affect flexibility: - Large and deep socket of hip/shoulder aids
ROM.
- Bony features like processes and relationships of articulating bones limit movement.
14. How does the length/elasticity of surrounding connective tissue affect flexi-
bility: The greater the length and elasticity of surrounding muscles, tendons and ligaments, the greater the RoM
15. Why does the length/elasticity of surrounding connective tissue affect flex-
ibility: The greater the length, the greater the distance before the stretch reflex is inhibited (which would prevent
further RoM)
Greater elasticity = greater RoM possible
16. How does gender affect flexibility: Females are generally more flexible than males
17. Why does gender affect flexibility: Females have higher levels of the hormones oestrogen and
relaxin
18. How does age affect flexibility: Flexibility is greater in childhood and declines with age
19. Why does age affect flexibility: Age-related decline is due to loss of elasticity in connective tissues
20. What are the 2 ways flexibility can be measured: 1. Sit and reach test
2. Goniometry
21. What is the sit and reach test: - Sit on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead
- Feet are placed flat against the box
, Exercise Physiology - OCR A Level PE - Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f70yvm
- The subject reaches forward along the measuring line as far as possible.
- They must hold this position for at least 2 seconds
22. What are the advantages of the sit and reach test: - Easy to administer
- Cheap and accessible equipment
- Standardised data for comparison
23. What are the disadvantages of the sit and reach test: - Test measures flexibility in the
lower back and hamstrings only
- Not joint/sport/ movement specific
- Participant must be warmed up, move slowly and hold position for 2 seconds for valid results
24. What is goniometry: 360 degree protractor
The difference in the starting angle and the full range of motion is calculated to assess flexibility
25. What are the advantages of goniometry: - Objective, valid and accurate measure.
- Any joint and any plane of movement can be measured, making it very sport-specific
26. What are the disadvantages of goniometry: - It can be difficult to locate the axis of rotation.
- To get an accurate measure, training is required.
27. What are the two types of stretching routine: 1. Maintenance stretching
2. Developmental stretching
28. What is maintenance stretching: Performed as part of a warm up to maintain current RoM and
prepare for exercise
29. What is developmental stretching: Designed to improve the RoM at a join
30. What is static active stretching: A performer moves the joint into its fully stretched position without
any assistance for 10-30 seconds
31. What is static passive stretching: A performer moves the joint into its fully stretched position with
assistance for 10-30 seconds
32. What is static stretching: Lengthening the muscle just beyond point of resistance
Hold for 10-30secs
Repeat 3-6 times
Active: voluntary, unassisted
Passive: involves an external force/resistance e.g. partner
33. What are the advantages of static stretching: - Safest/simplest method of stretching
- Effective in increasing ROM
- Aids muscle relaxation at end of training
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f70yvm
1. What is SALTAPS: Protocol for the assessment of a sporting injury
2. What does SALTAPS stand for: S - Stop
Stop the game and observe the injury
A - Ask
Ask the player questions (How did it happen? Where does it hurt?)
L - Look
At the injury site check for swelling, bruising, deformity, discolouration
T - Touch
At the injury site, check for sweeling, deformity, lumps/bumps, heat
A - Active movement
Ask for active movement from the participant
P - Passive movement
Assessor moves the injured limb/body part
S - Strength training
Ask the player to stand, lift and put pressure on the injured area. Ask them if they can continue
3. What is PRICE: Protocol for the treatment of acute injuries
4. What does PRICE stand for ': P - Protect
Protect injury from further damage (use a support or splint)
R - Rest
Rest injury for first 2-3 days, reintroduce movement gradually so you don't delay your recovery by losing strength
I - Ice
Ice painful area with a cold compress to reduce swelling and bruising, do this for 15-20 mins every 3 hours. Do not
apply ice directly to skin to avoid burns
C - Compress
, Exercise Physiology - OCR A Level PE - Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f70yvm
Compress injured area with elastic bandage to limit swelling and movement. Do not leave the bandage on while you
sleep
E - Elevate
Elevate injury by resting above the level of your heart and keep it supported
5. What are the 6 R's: Protocol for the recognition nof concussion
6. What do the 6 R's stand for: 1 - Recognise
Learn signs/symptoms of concussion to identify when an athelete may have a concussion
2 - Remove
Any athlete who has a concussion/suspected concussion should be immediately removed from play
3 - Refer
Once removed, the athlete should be referred immediately to a qualified healthcare professional who is trained in
treating/evaluating concussion
4 - Rest
Athletes must rest from exercise until symptom free and must not be left alone 24 hours following the injury
5 - Recover
Athletes must be fully recovered and symptom free from the concussion before returning to play
Adults must take a minimum of 1 week and under 18s must take a minimum of 2 weeks before seeking an authorised
return from a healthcare professional
6- Return
In order for safe return to play, the athlete must be symptom free and cleared in writing by a qualified healthcare
professional who is trained in treating/evaluating concussion. The athlete completes the GRTP (graduated return to
play) protocol
7. What are the 5 individual variable risk factors: 1. Posture
2. Age
3. Nutrition
4. Previous injury
5. Body size (your compared to opponents)
, Exercise Physiology - OCR A Level PE - Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f70yvm
8. What are 3 training risk factors: Poor preparation for sport
Poor warm up
Inadequate flexibility
Inadequate strength
9. What is static flexibilty: The range of motion about a joint without reference to speed or movement
10. What is dynamic flexibility: Range of motion about a joint with reference to speed of movement
11. What are the 4 factors affecting flexibility: 1. Type of joint
2. Length/elasticity of surrounding connective tissue
3. Gender
4. Age
12. How does the type of joint affect flexibility: Ball and socket joint has greatest ROM compared
to other types of joint like hinge joints.
13. Why does the type of joint affect flexibility: - Large and deep socket of hip/shoulder aids
ROM.
- Bony features like processes and relationships of articulating bones limit movement.
14. How does the length/elasticity of surrounding connective tissue affect flexi-
bility: The greater the length and elasticity of surrounding muscles, tendons and ligaments, the greater the RoM
15. Why does the length/elasticity of surrounding connective tissue affect flex-
ibility: The greater the length, the greater the distance before the stretch reflex is inhibited (which would prevent
further RoM)
Greater elasticity = greater RoM possible
16. How does gender affect flexibility: Females are generally more flexible than males
17. Why does gender affect flexibility: Females have higher levels of the hormones oestrogen and
relaxin
18. How does age affect flexibility: Flexibility is greater in childhood and declines with age
19. Why does age affect flexibility: Age-related decline is due to loss of elasticity in connective tissues
20. What are the 2 ways flexibility can be measured: 1. Sit and reach test
2. Goniometry
21. What is the sit and reach test: - Sit on the floor with legs stretched out straight ahead
- Feet are placed flat against the box
, Exercise Physiology - OCR A Level PE - Paper 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_f70yvm
- The subject reaches forward along the measuring line as far as possible.
- They must hold this position for at least 2 seconds
22. What are the advantages of the sit and reach test: - Easy to administer
- Cheap and accessible equipment
- Standardised data for comparison
23. What are the disadvantages of the sit and reach test: - Test measures flexibility in the
lower back and hamstrings only
- Not joint/sport/ movement specific
- Participant must be warmed up, move slowly and hold position for 2 seconds for valid results
24. What is goniometry: 360 degree protractor
The difference in the starting angle and the full range of motion is calculated to assess flexibility
25. What are the advantages of goniometry: - Objective, valid and accurate measure.
- Any joint and any plane of movement can be measured, making it very sport-specific
26. What are the disadvantages of goniometry: - It can be difficult to locate the axis of rotation.
- To get an accurate measure, training is required.
27. What are the two types of stretching routine: 1. Maintenance stretching
2. Developmental stretching
28. What is maintenance stretching: Performed as part of a warm up to maintain current RoM and
prepare for exercise
29. What is developmental stretching: Designed to improve the RoM at a join
30. What is static active stretching: A performer moves the joint into its fully stretched position without
any assistance for 10-30 seconds
31. What is static passive stretching: A performer moves the joint into its fully stretched position with
assistance for 10-30 seconds
32. What is static stretching: Lengthening the muscle just beyond point of resistance
Hold for 10-30secs
Repeat 3-6 times
Active: voluntary, unassisted
Passive: involves an external force/resistance e.g. partner
33. What are the advantages of static stretching: - Safest/simplest method of stretching
- Effective in increasing ROM
- Aids muscle relaxation at end of training
