NURS 6003 M1 Assignment-1: Cellular Changes
and Healing Questions and Verified Answers
Atrophy Correct Answer: When a cell decreases in size due to lack of movement
activity, loss of blood supply or diminished nerve signals. Example: breast tissue
after menopause.
Hypertrophy Correct Answer: When a cell increases in size. Example: breast tissue
at pregnancy.
Hyperplasia Correct Answer: An increase in number of cells. Example: Breast tissue
at puberty.
Metaplasia Correct Answer: A change in one type of cells to another type of cell.
This increases risk of cancer. Example: Changes in Esophagus in GERD.
Dysplasia Correct Answer: Abnormal differentiation of dividing cells. Cells have
enlarged, darkened nucleus. These cells have a high risk of transforming into
cancer. Example: Esophageal cells turning into cancer due to GERD.
Plasma/Cell membrane Correct Answer: Is the gate keeper of the cell. Separates the
intracellular components from the extracellular environment.
Selective Permeability Correct Answer: The ability of cell membranes to create a
barrier to water soluble substances.
Substances that CAN cross the cell membrane Correct Answer: Lipid soluble
substances (ex. O2, CO2, non-polar compounds).
Substances that CANNOT cross the cell membrane Correct Answer: Water soluble
ions (Na+, K+) glucose.
Mitochondrial diseases transmission Correct Answer: Maternal gametes have many
mitochondrial genes, so most mitochondrial genes are only passed through the
maternal line. Sperm do not carry that many mitochondrial genes.
, Hypotonic solutions Correct Answer: Have lower osmolarity than intracellular
fluid, causes water movement into the cell, and the cell swells. (Less than <0.9%
NS).
Hypertonic solutions Correct Answer: Have greater osmolarity than the
intracellular fluid, causes water to leave the cell, and cell shrinks. (Greater than
>0.9% NS).
Isotonic solutions Correct Answer: Has the same osmolality as intracellular fluid,
cell volume remains unchanged. (Ex. 0.9% NS).
Diagnosis of Acromegaly Correct Answer: MRI. Confirmation would be elevated
levels of IGF-1 in the blood followed by measuring growth hormone.
Clinical Manifestations of Acromegaly Correct Answer: Enlarged hands and feet,
enlarged facial features, enlarged internal organs (heart, liver, kidney), anti-insulin
effect leads to HYPERglycemia.
Visual disturbances in acromegaly Correct Answer: Visual field defects due to optic
nerve pressure.
Pathogenesis of Acromegaly Correct Answer: Pituitary adenoma causes excessive
growth hormone from the pituitary gland and secondary increase in GHRH and in
insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). This leads to hyperplasia.
Significance of Pap smear Correct Answer: In a Pap smear, cervical cells are smeared
on a glass slide and viewed under microscope to detect abnormal cell changes.
Virus associated with cervical cancer Correct Answer: HPV (16,18).
Fluid requirement in burn patient Correct Answer: Parkland Formula: 4 ml of
Lactated Ringer's per kilogram per % BSA over first 24 hours.
First ½ administration Correct Answer: Given over first 8 hours and second ½ given
over next 16 hours.
and Healing Questions and Verified Answers
Atrophy Correct Answer: When a cell decreases in size due to lack of movement
activity, loss of blood supply or diminished nerve signals. Example: breast tissue
after menopause.
Hypertrophy Correct Answer: When a cell increases in size. Example: breast tissue
at pregnancy.
Hyperplasia Correct Answer: An increase in number of cells. Example: Breast tissue
at puberty.
Metaplasia Correct Answer: A change in one type of cells to another type of cell.
This increases risk of cancer. Example: Changes in Esophagus in GERD.
Dysplasia Correct Answer: Abnormal differentiation of dividing cells. Cells have
enlarged, darkened nucleus. These cells have a high risk of transforming into
cancer. Example: Esophageal cells turning into cancer due to GERD.
Plasma/Cell membrane Correct Answer: Is the gate keeper of the cell. Separates the
intracellular components from the extracellular environment.
Selective Permeability Correct Answer: The ability of cell membranes to create a
barrier to water soluble substances.
Substances that CAN cross the cell membrane Correct Answer: Lipid soluble
substances (ex. O2, CO2, non-polar compounds).
Substances that CANNOT cross the cell membrane Correct Answer: Water soluble
ions (Na+, K+) glucose.
Mitochondrial diseases transmission Correct Answer: Maternal gametes have many
mitochondrial genes, so most mitochondrial genes are only passed through the
maternal line. Sperm do not carry that many mitochondrial genes.
, Hypotonic solutions Correct Answer: Have lower osmolarity than intracellular
fluid, causes water movement into the cell, and the cell swells. (Less than <0.9%
NS).
Hypertonic solutions Correct Answer: Have greater osmolarity than the
intracellular fluid, causes water to leave the cell, and cell shrinks. (Greater than
>0.9% NS).
Isotonic solutions Correct Answer: Has the same osmolality as intracellular fluid,
cell volume remains unchanged. (Ex. 0.9% NS).
Diagnosis of Acromegaly Correct Answer: MRI. Confirmation would be elevated
levels of IGF-1 in the blood followed by measuring growth hormone.
Clinical Manifestations of Acromegaly Correct Answer: Enlarged hands and feet,
enlarged facial features, enlarged internal organs (heart, liver, kidney), anti-insulin
effect leads to HYPERglycemia.
Visual disturbances in acromegaly Correct Answer: Visual field defects due to optic
nerve pressure.
Pathogenesis of Acromegaly Correct Answer: Pituitary adenoma causes excessive
growth hormone from the pituitary gland and secondary increase in GHRH and in
insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). This leads to hyperplasia.
Significance of Pap smear Correct Answer: In a Pap smear, cervical cells are smeared
on a glass slide and viewed under microscope to detect abnormal cell changes.
Virus associated with cervical cancer Correct Answer: HPV (16,18).
Fluid requirement in burn patient Correct Answer: Parkland Formula: 4 ml of
Lactated Ringer's per kilogram per % BSA over first 24 hours.
First ½ administration Correct Answer: Given over first 8 hours and second ½ given
over next 16 hours.
