HSC 343 Final Exam Questions and Answers| New Update with 100% Correct Answers
What is the onset and duration of regular insulin? Onset: 0.5-1 hour
Duration: 6-10 hours
Humulin R
Regular insulin is a drug but it also is what our pancreas secrete
What is the onset and duration of NPH insulin? INTERMEDIATE ACTING
Onset: 1-2 hours
Duration: 16-24 hours
Humulin N, NPH
What are the S&S of an insulin overdose? hypoglycemia (weakness, sweating, headache, ↑
HR, anxiety, tremor, mental/visual disturbances)
Insulin overdose is all due to what? hypoglycemic release of epinephrine, and hypokalemia
(insulin drives K+ from serum into cells).
How do you treat an insulin overdose? conscious give them something to eat such as sugar
If a patient regularly takes insulin in the abdomen, how will the onset differ if taken in the arm?
The onset will take longer
Onset and duration of insulin Glargine LONG ACTING
Onset: 1 hour
Duration: 24 hours
,Lantus
Onset and Duration of insulin Lispro RAPID ACTING
Onset: .25-.5 hour
Duration: 3-6.5 hours
Humalog
Onset and Duration of insulin Aspart RAPID ACTING
Onset: 0.2-0.3 hour
Duration: 3-5
Aspart
Absorption from different anatomical
sites from insulin Insulin given SC. Absorption is greatest
from abdomen>arm>
thigh>hip.
How many injections do most people need per day? Most people need 2 injections/day of
regular/NPH mixture.
What increases/decreases insulin need? Food, stress, and infection increase insulin need
Exercise decreases insulin need
,How to mix insulin When mixing Insulins, draw up the SHORT-ACTING insulin into the
syringe first, then NPH (which is cloudy insulin)
This way you will not contaminate the short-acting insulin with NPH!
Endocrine System MOA Hypothalamus (Releasing Hormone)
Pituitary
(Stimulating Hormone)
Endocrine Gland
(Effector Hormone)
Which insulin is cloudy? NPh
What insulin can be given IV? Regular, Aspart, Lispro and Glulisine
Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Long-acting. Used for adults and children with type 1 DM, or type 2
DM patients needing a long-acting insulin. Injected SC once daily at bedtime.
Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Risks Beware of hypoglycemia! Works better with people who have
a fix diet! Do not give IV, do not mix with other insulins
Insulin Aspart (Novolog) Rapid-acting. Absorbed faster than human insulin, also has a more
rapid onset (0.1-0.3 hours) and shorter duration (3-5 h). Should be used along with an
intermediate or long-acting insulin. Administer SC
Insulin Lispro (Humalog) Rapid-acting. Similar to aspart - for short-term glucose
management. Usually used with a long-acting or intermediate-acting prep.
Knock down post-prandial glucose
Taken within 10-20 min of a meal
, Metformin Oral antidiabetes drug for type 2 diabetics that is widely used and have many
benefits
WATCH for liver and kidney functions, not something to take with someone who drinks alcohol
Go to drug if patient can take it
Metformin MOA Reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of glucose
Metformin SE GI upset, acidosis: if you have kidney problems or kidney failure this is not a
drug for you. Cannot be on this drug if heavy drinker
Metformin Benefits ↑ HDL, ↓ BP, weight loss (5 to 10 lbs) Do not use in patients with
reneal disease or liver disease; d/c before using iodinated radiocontrast media
When should you take a SHORT acting insulin? at meal time
When should you take a LONG acting insulin? at night
Acarbose Inhibit the enzymes that break down oligosaccharides into monosaccharides
Delay digestion and prolong absorption of CHO, widely used to decrease PPH
Acarbose Benefits These drugs do not cause postprandial hypoglycemia; flatulence and GI
upset are ADR
Acarbose is taken when? Patients take these drugs with first bite of each meal
What is the onset and duration of regular insulin? Onset: 0.5-1 hour
Duration: 6-10 hours
Humulin R
Regular insulin is a drug but it also is what our pancreas secrete
What is the onset and duration of NPH insulin? INTERMEDIATE ACTING
Onset: 1-2 hours
Duration: 16-24 hours
Humulin N, NPH
What are the S&S of an insulin overdose? hypoglycemia (weakness, sweating, headache, ↑
HR, anxiety, tremor, mental/visual disturbances)
Insulin overdose is all due to what? hypoglycemic release of epinephrine, and hypokalemia
(insulin drives K+ from serum into cells).
How do you treat an insulin overdose? conscious give them something to eat such as sugar
If a patient regularly takes insulin in the abdomen, how will the onset differ if taken in the arm?
The onset will take longer
Onset and duration of insulin Glargine LONG ACTING
Onset: 1 hour
Duration: 24 hours
,Lantus
Onset and Duration of insulin Lispro RAPID ACTING
Onset: .25-.5 hour
Duration: 3-6.5 hours
Humalog
Onset and Duration of insulin Aspart RAPID ACTING
Onset: 0.2-0.3 hour
Duration: 3-5
Aspart
Absorption from different anatomical
sites from insulin Insulin given SC. Absorption is greatest
from abdomen>arm>
thigh>hip.
How many injections do most people need per day? Most people need 2 injections/day of
regular/NPH mixture.
What increases/decreases insulin need? Food, stress, and infection increase insulin need
Exercise decreases insulin need
,How to mix insulin When mixing Insulins, draw up the SHORT-ACTING insulin into the
syringe first, then NPH (which is cloudy insulin)
This way you will not contaminate the short-acting insulin with NPH!
Endocrine System MOA Hypothalamus (Releasing Hormone)
Pituitary
(Stimulating Hormone)
Endocrine Gland
(Effector Hormone)
Which insulin is cloudy? NPh
What insulin can be given IV? Regular, Aspart, Lispro and Glulisine
Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Long-acting. Used for adults and children with type 1 DM, or type 2
DM patients needing a long-acting insulin. Injected SC once daily at bedtime.
Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Risks Beware of hypoglycemia! Works better with people who have
a fix diet! Do not give IV, do not mix with other insulins
Insulin Aspart (Novolog) Rapid-acting. Absorbed faster than human insulin, also has a more
rapid onset (0.1-0.3 hours) and shorter duration (3-5 h). Should be used along with an
intermediate or long-acting insulin. Administer SC
Insulin Lispro (Humalog) Rapid-acting. Similar to aspart - for short-term glucose
management. Usually used with a long-acting or intermediate-acting prep.
Knock down post-prandial glucose
Taken within 10-20 min of a meal
, Metformin Oral antidiabetes drug for type 2 diabetics that is widely used and have many
benefits
WATCH for liver and kidney functions, not something to take with someone who drinks alcohol
Go to drug if patient can take it
Metformin MOA Reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of glucose
Metformin SE GI upset, acidosis: if you have kidney problems or kidney failure this is not a
drug for you. Cannot be on this drug if heavy drinker
Metformin Benefits ↑ HDL, ↓ BP, weight loss (5 to 10 lbs) Do not use in patients with
reneal disease or liver disease; d/c before using iodinated radiocontrast media
When should you take a SHORT acting insulin? at meal time
When should you take a LONG acting insulin? at night
Acarbose Inhibit the enzymes that break down oligosaccharides into monosaccharides
Delay digestion and prolong absorption of CHO, widely used to decrease PPH
Acarbose Benefits These drugs do not cause postprandial hypoglycemia; flatulence and GI
upset are ADR
Acarbose is taken when? Patients take these drugs with first bite of each meal
