HSC 343 Exam 2 Questions and Answers| New Update with 100% Correct Answers
What does the autonomic nervous system do? -controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and
glandular secretion
-it is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
What does sympathetic system do? "fight-or-flight," expends energy, increase HR, dilates
pupils and bronchi, decreases secretions
What does the parasympathetic systems do? dominates at rest, conserves energy,
decreases HR, increases tract functions, constricts pupils
What are the neurons responsible for? autonomic neurotransmission
Where do the presynaptic neurons lie? brain-->ganglia
Where do the postsynaptic neurons lie? ganglia--> effector organs
What are processes involved in neurotransmission? -synthesis of neurotransmitters (NT)
-packaging of NTs in presynaptic terminals
-stimulation of presynaptic nerve/release of NT
-diffusion of NT aacross synaptic cleft and binding to post-synaptic membrane
-activation of the postsynaptic cell
-degradation/ reuptake of the NT
What neurotransmitters are important to the process? norepinephrine, epinephrine,
dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and GABA
,What does the Alpha 1 receptor do? vasconstriction, decrease secretions, pupil dilation,
decrease GI motility, urinary retention
What does the Alpha 2 receptor do? decrease CNS sympathetic outflow, decrease NE
release, decrease insulin release
What does the Beta 1 receptor do? ^HR, CO, automaticity, contractility, ^renin secretion
What does the Beta 2 receptor do? bronchial relaxation, uterine relaxation, vasodilation
What does the Dopamine receptor do? increased HR and BP
What signs and symptoms does a patient with high sympathetic tone have? -high HR, BP,
blood glucose, alertness, air flow
-constipation, big pupil, fluid retention
What signs and symptoms does a patient with high parasympathetic tone have? low HR,
diarrhea, bowel sounds, drooling, respiratory compromise, pinpoint pupil, sweating, runny nose
What are the actions of Epinephrine? vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, ^HR, ^glucose,
^lipolysis, GI relaxation
What is Epinephrine used for? cardiac stimulant, anaphylaxis, combined with local
anesthetics
What are the actions of Norepinephrine? ^vasoconstriction, will cause reflex, decrease HR
What is Norepinephrine used for? septic shock
, What are the actions of Dopamine? works at receptors, low doses maintain good renal
blood flow, higher doses ^BP, ^cardiac contractility
What is Dopamine used for? shock
What are the actions of Dobutamine? ^efficiency of heart beat
B1: ^HR, contractility
What is Dobutamine used for? a drug of choice for cardiac stimulation; emergency drug
What are the actions of Phenylephrine? works on alpha receptors producing
vasoconstriction, reflex decrease HR
What is Phenlephrine used for? in cold meds, to dilate pupil
What are the actions of Terbutaline? works on beta 2 receptors to cause bronchiolar and
uterine relaxation
What is Terbutaline used for? prevent asthma and suppress premature labor and delivery
What are actions of Mirabegron? works on the beta3 receptor in the bladder to treat OAB,
increases capacity
What is Mirabegron used for? hypertension
What are the actions of Amphetamines? heightened mood, decreased appetite
What does the autonomic nervous system do? -controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and
glandular secretion
-it is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
What does sympathetic system do? "fight-or-flight," expends energy, increase HR, dilates
pupils and bronchi, decreases secretions
What does the parasympathetic systems do? dominates at rest, conserves energy,
decreases HR, increases tract functions, constricts pupils
What are the neurons responsible for? autonomic neurotransmission
Where do the presynaptic neurons lie? brain-->ganglia
Where do the postsynaptic neurons lie? ganglia--> effector organs
What are processes involved in neurotransmission? -synthesis of neurotransmitters (NT)
-packaging of NTs in presynaptic terminals
-stimulation of presynaptic nerve/release of NT
-diffusion of NT aacross synaptic cleft and binding to post-synaptic membrane
-activation of the postsynaptic cell
-degradation/ reuptake of the NT
What neurotransmitters are important to the process? norepinephrine, epinephrine,
dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin and GABA
,What does the Alpha 1 receptor do? vasconstriction, decrease secretions, pupil dilation,
decrease GI motility, urinary retention
What does the Alpha 2 receptor do? decrease CNS sympathetic outflow, decrease NE
release, decrease insulin release
What does the Beta 1 receptor do? ^HR, CO, automaticity, contractility, ^renin secretion
What does the Beta 2 receptor do? bronchial relaxation, uterine relaxation, vasodilation
What does the Dopamine receptor do? increased HR and BP
What signs and symptoms does a patient with high sympathetic tone have? -high HR, BP,
blood glucose, alertness, air flow
-constipation, big pupil, fluid retention
What signs and symptoms does a patient with high parasympathetic tone have? low HR,
diarrhea, bowel sounds, drooling, respiratory compromise, pinpoint pupil, sweating, runny nose
What are the actions of Epinephrine? vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, ^HR, ^glucose,
^lipolysis, GI relaxation
What is Epinephrine used for? cardiac stimulant, anaphylaxis, combined with local
anesthetics
What are the actions of Norepinephrine? ^vasoconstriction, will cause reflex, decrease HR
What is Norepinephrine used for? septic shock
, What are the actions of Dopamine? works at receptors, low doses maintain good renal
blood flow, higher doses ^BP, ^cardiac contractility
What is Dopamine used for? shock
What are the actions of Dobutamine? ^efficiency of heart beat
B1: ^HR, contractility
What is Dobutamine used for? a drug of choice for cardiac stimulation; emergency drug
What are the actions of Phenylephrine? works on alpha receptors producing
vasoconstriction, reflex decrease HR
What is Phenlephrine used for? in cold meds, to dilate pupil
What are the actions of Terbutaline? works on beta 2 receptors to cause bronchiolar and
uterine relaxation
What is Terbutaline used for? prevent asthma and suppress premature labor and delivery
What are actions of Mirabegron? works on the beta3 receptor in the bladder to treat OAB,
increases capacity
What is Mirabegron used for? hypertension
What are the actions of Amphetamines? heightened mood, decreased appetite
