Aldehydes & Ketones
C
r -
··
EtOR-MogBr
R- Br
H
4
m-
-·
11
H -
n
3
R
H
I
r > > O
↑
H
& CEN : cyanides 8
. CER acetylites > 2 1 Steric
>
-
hydroxynitriles -
~
. effects
.
2 Electronic effects
H20 aldehydes/kelones -
gem-diols
base catalysed lacid catalysed)
: H
) I 448 (0)
O
+ -
"
j t
-
>
- ↑J - -
ROH aldehydes/vetones hemiacetals/hemiketals I
1 R
Gig ·
gi
i
:
1 -
Homesteromen"no ·
OH
deprotonation
2
Carboxylic acit derivatives
thylchloride)
: acid
·
acyl chlorides charide
L
carboxylic acyl
T
CHC13
Ma
3
Nu
Ro an
↑j
chlorides acit anhytrites carboxylic acitslesters >amides
acyl = =
P
J
acyl chlorite i >
> amide + NH ,25
ammonium
↓ salt
-
c IV
R H
actanhydrideestert cabin its it (no base neetet)
, -
·
:
-
~
!
1
OR
·
Iron
(ea ].
Mr Each
↳
.
&
ROM (excess) o ester/carboxylic acid l
Il Il
Fischesterification
>
128
↑
-
on HCl cat Mor
+
.
~
MoBro
G
-Mar Ar
G
-
·n jeon = -
- - I
II -
R Mabr
Tr
-in
-
1
aldehyde name i
h
-
I
b
V
Kor/In >
8
↳
Kenen
- nor
-
n
-
-
G
T =
Norton +ron
8
!
1 II
( H , 8)
J
ROHrexcess
↑
Transesterification
-
Kor
>
-
same mechanism as
HCI cat .
above
g
Ester hydrolysis II
H20 /excess)
>
-
-↑ reverse
lacidic Mor #ICI cat .
S>
8 O
Mom
H
(basic) + RON
-
>
Om
-
Amine reduction
- N-An > -
N -
NH2
y H
HCI ↓
An
Amidehydrolysis
IH
-
j-
>
- + I
I H28 "
oniums
SHEAT z
NaOI
O >
-
>
-
(basic)
* o T famine)
C
r -
··
EtOR-MogBr
R- Br
H
4
m-
-·
11
H -
n
3
R
H
I
r > > O
↑
H
& CEN : cyanides 8
. CER acetylites > 2 1 Steric
>
-
hydroxynitriles -
~
. effects
.
2 Electronic effects
H20 aldehydes/kelones -
gem-diols
base catalysed lacid catalysed)
: H
) I 448 (0)
O
+ -
"
j t
-
>
- ↑J - -
ROH aldehydes/vetones hemiacetals/hemiketals I
1 R
Gig ·
gi
i
:
1 -
Homesteromen"no ·
OH
deprotonation
2
Carboxylic acit derivatives
thylchloride)
: acid
·
acyl chlorides charide
L
carboxylic acyl
T
CHC13
Ma
3
Nu
Ro an
↑j
chlorides acit anhytrites carboxylic acitslesters >amides
acyl = =
P
J
acyl chlorite i >
> amide + NH ,25
ammonium
↓ salt
-
c IV
R H
actanhydrideestert cabin its it (no base neetet)
, -
·
:
-
~
!
1
OR
·
Iron
(ea ].
Mr Each
↳
.
&
ROM (excess) o ester/carboxylic acid l
Il Il
Fischesterification
>
128
↑
-
on HCl cat Mor
+
.
~
MoBro
G
-Mar Ar
G
-
·n jeon = -
- - I
II -
R Mabr
Tr
-in
-
1
aldehyde name i
h
-
I
b
V
Kor/In >
8
↳
Kenen
- nor
-
n
-
-
G
T =
Norton +ron
8
!
1 II
( H , 8)
J
ROHrexcess
↑
Transesterification
-
Kor
>
-
same mechanism as
HCI cat .
above
g
Ester hydrolysis II
H20 /excess)
>
-
-↑ reverse
lacidic Mor #ICI cat .
S>
8 O
Mom
H
(basic) + RON
-
>
Om
-
Amine reduction
- N-An > -
N -
NH2
y H
HCI ↓
An
Amidehydrolysis
IH
-
j-
>
- + I
I H28 "
oniums
SHEAT z
NaOI
O >
-
>
-
(basic)
* o T famine)
